REPORTED SPEECH Spotlight 11 Module 6 Кригер И.И

REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH is the exact words someone said. We use quotation marks in direct speech. REPORTED SPEECH is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech. “I’m very happy!” She said that she was very happy.

SAY+ (THAT)+ CLAUSE SAY, TELL, ASK She said (that) she was very happy. SAY TO – при наличии дополнения, обозначающего адресата: SAY+TO+ PERSONAL OBJECT+ (THAT)+ CLAUSE She said to me (that) she was very happy. TELL– при наличии косвенного дополнения: TELL+ PERSONAL OBJECT+ (THAT)+ CLAUSE She told me (that) she was very happy.

HOW SAY/TELL/ASK ARE USED hello, good morning/afternoon, etc., something/nothing, so, a prayer, a few words, no more, for certain/sure, etc. SAY the truth, a lie, a story, a secret, a joke, the time, the difference, one from another, somebody one’s name, somebody the way, somebody so, someone’s fortune, etc. TELL a question, a favour, the price, after somebody, the time, around, for something/somebody, etc. ASK

REPORTED STATEMENTS В косвенной речи личные/притяжательные местоимения изменяются соответственно значению предложения: ПРЯМАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said: “I’ve lost my watch.” КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said (that) he had lost his watch. Мы можем передать чьи-то слова спустя какое-то время (reporting the past) (время изменяется), либо сразу (up-to- date reporting) (say/tell употребляются в Present Simple, Future Simple, Present Perfect): ПРЯМАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said: “I’ve lost my watch.” КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said (that) he had lost his watch. ПРЯМАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete says: “I’ve lost my watch.” КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete says (that) he has lost his watch.

REPORTING THE PAST DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE “I want to learn Japanese.” She said (that) she wanted to learn Japanese. PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS “We are watching a film.” They said (that) they were watching a film. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT “I have brushed my teeth.” She said (that) she had brushed her teeth.

REPORTING THE PAST DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH PAST SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE or PAST PERFECT “We lost our cat.” They said (that) they lost / had lost their cat. PAST CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS or PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS “He was playing the piano.” He said (that) he was playing / had been playing the piano. FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE in the Past “I will meet you at 7.00.” She said (that) she would meet me at 7.00.

TIME EXPRESSIONS Слова и выражения, обозначающие время, меняются: Слова и выражения, обозначающие время, меняются: NOW – then, immediately TODAY – that day YESTERDAY – the day before, the previous day TOMORROW – the next/following day THIS WEEK – that week LAST WEEK – the week before, the previous week NEXT WEEK – the week after, the following week AGO – before HERE - there

TENSES DO NOT CHANGE WHEN: the reporting verbs (say, tell, etc.) is in the Present Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple: “I can’t speak French,” he says. He says (that) he can’t speak French. the speaker expresses general truths, permanent states or conditions: “The sun sets in the west,” Mr. Thom said. Mr. Thom said (that) the sun sets in the west. the reported sentence deals with conditionals type 2, 3: “I wish I was a film star,” he said. He said he wished he was a film star.

REPORTED QUESTIONS Reported questions are introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know. In Wh- questions the reported question is introduced with the same question word: “Where are you from?” she asked. She asked where I was from. In Yes/No questions the reported question is introduced with if or whether: He wanted to know if/whether I wanted to ride to school. He asked, “Do you want to ride to school?” In reported questions, the question mark (?) and words/expressions such as please, oh, etc. are omitted.

REPORTED REQUESTS/SUGGESTIONS Reported requests/suggestions are introduced with a special introductory verb (ask, beg, suggest, etc.) followed by a to+Infinitive, an –ing form or a that-clause depending on the introductory verb: “Please, don’t go,” he said to me. He begged me not to go. “Let’s watch a film,” he said. He suggested watching a film. “You’d better take a medicine,” he said. He suggested that I (should) take a medicine.

REPORTED ORDERS/COMMANDS To report orders, commands or introductions, we use the verbs advise, order or tell+smb+(not)Infinitive: “Be patient,” she said to me. She told me to be patient. “Don’t go!” he said to her. He ordered her not to go. “Be careful,” he said to me. He advised me to be careful.