Molecules that contain carbon Organic Molecules Molecules that contain carbon Essential Question: What is the structure and function of the 4 groups of organic compounds?
Carbon is important to living organisms for several reasons…. Carbon is found in all living things Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonding with other elements to make biological building blocks
Building blocks link together to form complex molecules Monomers are building blocks. Monomers bond together to form long chains called polymers.
Building blocks link together to form complex molecules
4 types of Biomolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
1. Carbohydrates Sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.
Function Quick/short-term energy Energy storage Structure
Elements (C,H,O) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
Monomer: Monosaccharide Simple sugars EX: glucose, fructose, galactose
Polysaccharides many monomers joined together Starch energy storage in plants Glycogen energy storage in animals Cellulose support for plant cell walls Chitin support in exoskeletons of arthropods
EX: Carbohydrates Identify each example as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide. fruit potatoes pasta honey exoskeleton
2. Lipids A group of biological molecules that generally do not dissolve in water
Found in… Vegetable oil Animal fats Waxes Cell Membranes Steroids/Hormones Candle wax Lipid bilayer of cell membrane
Function Insulation Protection Long term energy storage
Elements (C, H, O) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
Monomers Glycerol Fatty acids
Polymer Ex. Triglyceride = Glycerol and three fatty acids
Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol Ex. Phospholipid Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol
3. Proteins Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body
Found in… muscle skin hair
Functions Structure Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes) Regulate body processes (antibodies & hormones)
Elements (C, H, O, N) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Monomer Amino Acids (20 different kinds)
Polymer Peptide bond Amino acids are joined together to form protein The bond between amino acids is called a PEPTIDE BOND. Peptide bond
4. Nucleic Acids Function: Store, transmit, and transfer genetic information Examples: DNA & RNA Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Monomer Nucleotide (3 parts)
Polymer (Circle the nucleotides)
Questions??
Name that Biomolecule…
Fill in the missing idea Fatty acid nucleotide These all describe monomers glycerol
Name that biomolecule…
CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False 1) All living things are made up of the element nitrogen. FALSE
Name that Biomolecule…
Which of the following does not belong with the others? These are organic compounds. Proteins Lipids Atoms Nucleic Acids
List the 4 biomolecules along with their monomer(s) Turn to a Partner List the 4 biomolecules along with their monomer(s)
Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Made up of Made up of which contain which contain which contain which contain EX: EX: EX: EX:
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Made up of Made up of Made up of Made up of Monosaccharides Glycerol & fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides which contain which contain which contain which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous EX: EX: EX: EX:
Cornell Summary & Study Questions
To be successful today… Pick up graded work from lab station 7 (2 papers) Pull out your review sheet Clear off desk
To be successful today… Locate the following papers in your folder: 10 & 11) Organic Molecule Notes 12) Carbon Compounds Flow Chart 13) Organic Molecules Foldable 17) Biomolecules Chart 18) NOTES: Enzymes Enzyme practice WS
How are polymers are put together or broken down??
Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) water is released when monomers are put together to form polymers OH H2O
Hydrolysis water is added when polymers are broken down