AFRICA
African History The history of Africa was largely ignored, for two reasons: Few written records Cultures were so different from European cultures they were mostly misunderstood
Africa- Geographical diversity Deserts: -Sahara, Kalahari -deserts able to be crossed Savannas: - tropical woodlands, grassland - covers about 25% of Africa - livestock, sorghum, wheat, peanuts, millet, cotton, bananas, gold, copper, coal, diamonds
Geographical diversity (cont’d) Tropical rainforests -high temperatures and excessive rainfall -mahogany, ebony, palm oil, yams, corn, rice, sweet potatoes, plantains, cotton, coffee, manioc, bananas, gold, copper, coal, diamonds, etc. Highlands - cooler climate - coffee, cotton, sisal, coconut, tea, cashews, rice, gold, copper, coal
Early kingdoms emerged along the Nile- for several reasons: Agricultural growth-settlements grew into regional states Urbanization Creation of large scale political units
Trade communities arose in the east and south Merchants sailed down the Red Sea from N. Africa and the Mediterranean Sea. Traders from Saudi Arabia brought their religion with them (Islam) Diplomatic and trade missions between China and East Africa Intermarriage between East Africa and the Arab and Persian peoples
Trade communities arose in the Western Sudan and west central Africa Ghana (land of gold) Mali (started as a trading federation ) Songhai (replaced Mali) Benin Kanem-Bornu