Bell Ringer!!! Take out a sheet of paper and title it “Gerrymandering”

Congressional Redistricting "We are in the business of rigging elections.” Former State Senator Mark McDaniel

Step 1: Reapportionment There are 435 members in the House of Representatives. After each census, the number of representatives are distributed among the states based on population.

Step 2: Redistricting State legislatures then draw up the congressional districts for their state, One district for each representative.

Principles of Redistricting Equal Population - Each district must contain roughly the same number of people (approx. 650,000 per district) One Person, One Vote Contiguity - Each district should be one continuous shape. No "land islands" are allowed. Compactness - Generally, districts should be drawn in compact shapes. Extremely jagged edges and skinny extensions are hallmarks of gerrymandered districts.

What is Gerrymandering? Gerrymandering: Manipulating electoral boundaries to give one group an advantage over another. Named after Governor of MA, Elbridge Gerry How It Happens

Types of Gerrymandering Partisan Gerrymander: When the majority party draws the district lines to maximize the power of their own party. Sweetheart Gerrymander: When the people in charge of redistricting draw district lines to ensure that incumbents of both parties win reelection. Racial Gerrymander: The drawing of districts to either minimize or maximize the power of minority voters

Gerrymandering Techniques Cracking - Spreading like-minded voters apart across multiple districts to dilute their voting power in each. This denies the group representation in multiple districts. Packing - Concentrating like-minded voters together in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts. This gives the group representation in a single district while denying them representation across districts.

Gerrymandering in CA

Gerrymandering in NY

Gerrymandering in TX

The Effects of Gerrymandering "Here is a telling statistic: 153 of California's congressional and legislative seats were up in the last election and not one changed parties. What kind of democracy is that?” Governor Arnold Schwargenegger, 2005 State of the State Address "It used to be that the idea was, once every two years voters elected their representatives, and now, instead, it's every ten years the representatives choose their constituents.” Pamela Karlan, Professor of Public Interest Law at Stanford Law School

Think About It!!! What effect does gerrymandering have on the democratic process? Can we really claim to be a democracy when this is allowed to happen? How can this abuse of power be prevented? What can be done?