Early People/Early Civilizations

Section 1 - vocabulary 1) history – the time period after recorded events 2) prehistory – the time period before recorded events 3) archaeologist – scientist who studies artifacts to learn about the past 4) artifact – objects made long ago – can tell about the people who live there 5) Old Stone age – earliest known period of human culture - @ 2 million yrs ago 6) nomad – a person who travels from place to place in search of their basic needs 7) culture – the way of life belonging to a group of people

OLD STONE AGE PEOPLE WERE NOMADS PEOPLE WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS 1ST TOOLS WERE MADE FROM FLINT CAVE PAINTINGS WERE USED FOR COMMUNICATION EARLIEST CAVE PAINTING WAS FOUND IN EUROPE @ 32,000 YRS AGO

EARLY PREHISTORIC SITE – OLDUVAI GORGE LOCATED IN MODERN DAY TANZANIA, AFRICA DRS. MARY & LOUIS LEAKY – FOUND A SKULL IN 1959 – NAMED HIM ZINJANTHROPUS MAN SCAVENGER – WAS 1,750,000 YRS. OLD COMPETED FOR SURVIVAL WITH HOMOHABILUS WHO ALSO LIVED AT THIS TIME – DIED OUT AND BECAME EXTINCT

HOMOHABILUS @ 2 million yrs old Scavenger but more brain capacity – could make simple tools Because of their smarts, they were able to survive over time – eventually became the masters of the land Leaky believes he is our direct descendent

Neanderthal man 110,000 -37,000 yrs. ago Lived in asia, africa, & europe Nomads – lived in family groups Learned to use fire & live in a hostile environment Believed in a future life

Cro-magnon man 35,000 – 10,000 yrs. ago Beautiful cave paintings Believed in mystic powers More sophisticated tools

Leaky believed Africa was the “cradle of man” because it had a favorable climate and stayed warm during the Ice Age.

SECTION 2 - VOCABULARY 1)fertile – soil that’s rich in growing substances 2) domesticate – to tame animals for human use 3) cultivate – to prepare the land to raise crops 4) specialize – to be trained & become an expert in a specific type of work 5) artisan - craftsworker

Section 2 –Vocabulary con’t 6) technology – the use of skills & tools to serve human needs & make life easier 7) irrigation – the watering of dry lands 8) surplus – an extra supply of something 9) social class – groups of people with similar backgrounds & ways of living 10) civilization – a society with a central government, specialized jobs, and a social class system

THE NEW STONE AGE – MARKED BY THE BIRTH OF FARMING

New stone age Domestication Cultivation surplus of food - more time!!! people settled Increase in population More time!!!-People specialized –artisans Technology – made people’s lives easier Towns developed into civilizations

Early civilizations Governments formed to keep order in society & manage public services Bronze Age – by 3,000 BC – bronze was commonly being used to make tools (from melting rocks) A. more durable – longer lasting III. Trade – different areas specialized in different goods A. 3500BC – development of the wheel & axel – goods could travel farther B. ****ideas were also spreading!!!! III. Trade led to wealth – which then led to the development of social classes – separation between the people within a civilization