Lara Atkinson and Marlene Laros MARLENE LAROS & ASSOCIATES TRAINING AND CAPACITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR THE BCLME Barry Clark Lara Atkinson and Marlene Laros MARLENE LAROS & ASSOCIATES SUSTAINABILITY MATTERS Sustainable environmental policy, planning and management solutions Anchor Environmental Consultants CC

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To obtain broad overview of key human capacity, training and infrastructure needs amongst institutions and organizations within the BCLME countries mandated with implementation of the 5 policy action areas: A. Sustainable Management and Utilisation of Living Marine Resources, B. Management of Mining and Drilling Activities, C. Assessment of Environmental Variability, Ecosystem Impacts and Improvement of Predictability D. Management of Pollution, and E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection of Biological Diversity

CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS 30 person days to complete the study Large number of institutions, organizations and individuals in the region involved in implementation of the 5 policy action areas Most cases, were able to consult with no more than 1-2 individuals from each section or directorate from each of the key organizations/institutions

METHODOLOGY Mostly one-one-one interviews with key individuals In some cases self administered questionnaires Forced to rely on available information – policy documents, reports, business plans etc. Report summarizing key findings

ANGOLA Sustainable Management and Utilisation of Living Marine Resources Ministry of Fisheries Institute of Marine Research (IIM) Institute for the Development of Artisanal Fisheries (IPA) Fisheries management, monitoring, control and surveillance, set TAC, formulate policy, research, monitoring of catches, vessel licensing Research and monitoring of the living marine resources of Angola to inform policy development; stock assessment and TAC. Promote development of artisanal fisheries through extension, provision of infrastructure and training; and the development of associations and co-operatives Key training and capacity needs: Shortage of staff, infrastructure and equipment (vessels, communications, office space, vehicles, computers and software), staff need training

B. Management of Mining and Drilling Activities Ministry of Urban Affairs and Environment Ministry of Petroleum Ministry of Geology and Mines Develop legislation and policy for management and protection of the environment; conserve biodiversity; develop and implement EIA legislation; develop of air and water quality standards and pollution and waste management. The sustainable development of the oil industry in Angola, regulates licensing for oil exploration and drilling; enforce environmental performance in the oil industry. Regulate exploration and mining for minerals in Angola, responsible for ensuring compliance with environmental rehabilitation aspects of legislation.

Key training and capacity needs: Key concern: Environmental Impact Assessment regulations, pollution and waste management regulations and water and air quality standards are not yet in place (in draft form) environmental expertise is needed at management and technical levels as well as monitoring capacity

C. Assessment of Environmental Variability, Ecosystem Impacts and Improvement of Predictability Institute for Marine Research (IIM) Ministry of Urban Affairs and Environment Ministry of Petroleum Undertake research and co-ordinate monitoring activities, developing a marine and coastal resources database, data management; data analysis; co-operation in the development of early warning systems Developing a National Environmental Monitoring Programme in partnership with the Petroleum Industries Operations for Environment, Health and Safety (PIOEHS) Are a partner in the development of the national environmental database. Key training and capacity needs: Staff shortage, staff training design of monitoring programmes and statistical analysis

D. Management of Pollution Institute for Marine Research (IIM) Ministry of Urban Affairs and Environment Ministry of Petroleum Undertake research and co-ordinate monitoring activities, developing a marine and coastal resources database, data management; data analysis; pollution monitoring partnership projects Responsible for the development of pollution and waste management regulations and water and air quality standards Responsible for the control of pollution in the oil industry through reporting requirements. Driving the development of the NOSCP. Key training and capacity needs: Need to increase capacity to manage pollution from all perspectives (law, strategy, human capacity, training and infrastructure)

E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection of Biological Diversity Institute for Marine Research (IIM) Ministry of Urban Affairs and Environment Undertakes research and co-ordinates monitoring activities, developing a marine and coastal resources database, establish TACs. Responsible for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health for all of Angola, developing and implementing the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Key training and capacity needs: Shortage of staff, particularly w.r.t. taxonomic expertise and coastal management capacity

NAMIBIA Sustainable Management and Utilisation of Living Marine Resources Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Ministry of Environment and Tourism (Directorate of Environmental Affairs) Fisheries management, formulate policy, monitoring, control and surveillance, research, stock assessment, environmental monitoring, set TAC and other management tools, environmental protection Administers coastal parks and assist MFMR by ensuring compliance amongst recreational fishers in these areas. Key training and capacity needs: Large staff compliment (research, compliance, observers) but need technical and statistical training, stock assessment expertise, and management and leadership skills

B. Management of Mining and Drilling Activities Ministry of Mines & Energy Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism Department of Water Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Lead agency responsible for ensuring that mining activities in Namibia are environmentally sustainable, issues prospecting and mining licences as well as exploration and production licences for petroleum Works with MME in evaluating environmental assessments, impact assessments and management plans Lead agency responsible for control of marine pollution resulting from land based activities, grants exemption permits allowing mines to discharge effluent into the surroundings Assists with the evaluate EIAs for offshore mining and petroleum operations

Key training and capacity needs: Agencies are severely short staffed (compliance monitoring) and many staff lack appropriate training

C. Assessment of Environmental Variability, Ecosystem Impacts and Improvement of Predictability Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Namibia Meteorological Service, Ministry of Works, transport and Communications Environmental monitoring (physical, chemical and biological oceanography) Collection and provision of weather and climate data Key training and capacity needs: Making good use of international donor assistance but shortage of staff, equipment and resources

D. Management of Pollution Directorate Maritime Affairs, Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications Department of Water Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Ministry of Regional and Local Government and Housing Directorate Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment & Tourism Responsible for marine oil pollution that arises from shipping activities, responsible for managing and co-ordinating national response to an oil spill in Namibia Responsible for management of marine pollution that originates on land, grants exemption permits to discharge effluent into the surroundings Assists with control of marine pollution from fishing vessels, and clean-up from oil spills Responsible for management of wastewater and sewage from municipalities Has developed new draft legislation and is trying to implement a proper framework for management of pollution in Namibia

Key training and capacity needs: legal and institutional framework for control of pollution in Namibia is highly fragmented and poorly coordinated Most institutions are critically short of staff, particularly regionally based staff that can assist with monitoring and compliance activities

E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection of Biological Diversity Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources Ministry of Environment and Tourism Lead agency responsible for ensuring protection for and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in Namibia. Environmental protection, planning and coordination in terrestrial areas. Administers some coastal parks and assists by ensuring compliance amongst recreational fishers in these areas. Key training and capacity needs: Legal and statutory protection for marine biodiversity in Namibia is scant, few staff dedicated to biodiversity conservation

SOUTH AFRICA Sustainable Management and Utilisation of Living Marine Resources Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism Fisheries management, monitoring, control and surveillance, formulate marine legal policy, stock assessments, research for new fisheries, environmental monitoring, recommend TAC. Key training and capacity needs: High staff turnover, many unfilled posts (research and management), critical shortage of enforcement staff Existing staff need management, research, technical and operational training, stock assessment expertise

B. Management of Mining and Drilling Activities Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) Marine and Coastal Management (MCM) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) Implement, monitor and enforce environmental management protocols for mining, evaluate and make recommendations regarding EIA’s and EMP’s Assist in evaluating marine related EMPs and EIAs and provide recommendations Assist in evaluating EMPs and EIAs EIA and EMP Key training and capacity needs: High staff turnover, many unfilled posts, infrastructural capacity - vehicles and communications equipment Staff need training in marine conservation and management

C. Assessment of Environmental Variability, Ecosystem Impacts and Improvement of Predictability Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism Environmental monitoring (physical, chemical and biological oceanography) Key training and capacity needs: Shortage of staff (operational, research and technical levels), equipment and resources, and lack of adequate training

D. Management of Pollution Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) South African Maritime Safety Authority, Department of Transport Department of Minerals and Energy Responsible for marine pollution from shipping activities, responsible for oil spill contingency planning, assists DWAF in evaluating effluent discharge permit applications Responsible for management of marine pollution that originates on land, grants exemption permits to discharge effluent into the surroundings Exercise control over shipping to ensure safe and clean seas through survey of ships, prevention of pollution of the sea and liaise international and regional co-operation Addresses mining related pollution issues by means of EMP enforcement

Key training and capacity needs: lack of co-ordination among the different institutions and sufficient and suitable capacity is severely lacking Many vacant posts, intensive training is required at all levels, monitoring and enforcement is very poor

E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection E. Maintenance of Ecosystem Health and Protection of Biological Diversity Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism Western Cape Nature Conservation Board South African National Parks Marine ecological research, biodiversity conservation, formulation of policy and legislation, MPA design and management MPA management Key training and capacity needs: MCM needs additional staff capacity or must outsource MPA management functions