THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

THE SECESSION CRISIS

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Secession & the Upper South Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

Slavery & Secession 38% 47% 24% 32% 14% 15% % Whites in Slave-owning Families % Slaves in Population Original Confederate States 38% 47% Upper South States that Later Joined the Confederacy 24% 32% Border States Remaining in Union 14% 15% Source: Henretta, et al., America’s History, 5th ed.

TWO SOCIETIES AT WAR

Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861 Feb. 23, 1861 (Library of Congress) Pageant 13e Photographer Mathew Brady captured this image of the solemn president-elect on February 23, 1861, a few weeks after the formation of the Confederacy and shortly before Lincoln's inauguration. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Jefferson Davis, President, CSA Description: Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy, ca. 1860. Mathew Brady Collection. Keywords: Civil War Credit: National Archives and Records Administration http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail191.html

Comparing the North & the South /; ‘ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;bn nb jh

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War Pojer

Resources: North vs. South Pojer

Railroad Lines, 1860 Pojer

Overview of Civil War Strategy “Anaconda” Plan Divine, America Past & Present

THE WAR IN THE EAST 1861-1862

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861 Pojer; http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1860_1862.html

Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson Description: Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson, C.S.A., 1863. George W. Minnes. Mathew Brady Collection. Keywords: Civil War Credit: National Archives and Records Administration http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail192.html http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1860_1862.html

The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

USS Monitor Deck and Turret July 9, 1862 USS Monitor Deck and Turret

Union General George B. McClellan Description: Gen George B. McClellan, ca. 1863. Mathew Brady Collection. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail194.html Description: Gen Robert E. Lee, C.S.A.,1865. Mathew Brady Collection. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail205.html Union General George B. McClellan Robert E. Lee General, CSA

Pojer The War in the East: 1861-1862

Pojer The War in the East: 1861-1862

The Battle of Antietam September 1862 Bloodiest single day of the war: Union: 12,410 casualties, double those of D-Day (June 6, 1944) Lee lost 10,700 men, 25% of his Army. Tactical draw, strategic victory – McClellan halted Lee’s invasion. Enabled Lincoln to an- nounce his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation 5 days later. Along with the Emancipa- tion Proclamation, caused Great Britain to rethink recognizing the C.S.A. http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/31/hh31b.htm Bloody Lane (Library of Congress)

After Antietam Lincoln Meets with McClellan and Staff

Union General Ambrose Burnside

DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS

Opposition and Lincoln’s Response Northern Democrats “copperheads” Republicans: moderate vs. “radical” Lincoln’s use of executive power habeas corpus martial law

Significant Legislation Passed in Congress Morrill Tariff Act (1861) Income tax Legal Tender Act (1862) “greenbacks” - $430+ million National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864) Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864) Union Pacific Railroad Co. Central Pacific Railroad Co. Homestead Act (1862) Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Emancipation Proclamation (1862) Pojer

Presidential Election of 1864 Pojer

The Civil War and African-Americans A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM The Civil War and African-Americans

Civil War and African-Americans Conservative Republican view Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens – Rep PA Charles Sumner – Senator Mass Benjamin Wade – Senator OH Confiscation Act http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1862_1865.html

Civil War and African-Americans Emancipation Proclamation Did Lincoln “free the slaves”?

Emancipation in 1863 Pojer

Civil War and African-Americans 54th Massachusetts Infantry Thirteenth Amendment http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1862_1865.html

FROM GETTYSBURG TO APPOMATTOX 1863-1865

Admiral David Farragut Vicksburg Civil War in the West Ulysses S. Grant Shiloh New Orleans Admiral David Farragut Vicksburg (May 19-July 4, 1863) General Ulysses S. Grant

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Pojer

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Decisive Battle of the War Largest Battle ever in U.S.- 172,000 troops (97,000 in Union Army of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf. Army of N. Va.) Most casualties of any battle (51,000 combined) 569 tons of ammunition Over 5,000 dead horses http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1862_1865_maps.html; Pojer (table)

Gettysburg Little Round Top, July 1863

Dedication of Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 1863

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address November 1863

The War in the South, 1863-1865 Chattanooga Lookout Mountain & Missionary Ridge (Nov. 1863) William T. Sherman Atlanta (Sept. 1864) “March to the Sea” Pojer Union General William T. Sherman

Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Sherman’s troops http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1862_1865.html Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by Sherman’s troops

The Progress of War: 1861-1865 Pojer

War in the East, 1864-1865 Wilderness Campaign (May-June 1864) Seige of Petersburg (June 1864-Apr 2, 1865) Fall of Richmond Map: Pojer Grant: http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/1862_1865.htmlDescription: Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor, Va. 1864. Mathew Brady. Mathew Brady Collection. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration Ulysses S. Grant at Cold Harbor Virginia, June 1864

Richmond April 1865 After Burning by Union Forces

Richmond April 1865

Surrender Lee’s Surrender, Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865) McClain House, Appomattox C.H., April 1865

War Deaths America: Pathways to the Present

Casualties on Both Sides Pojer