James Madison won the presidency in 1808 & 1812 George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson James Madison won the presidency in 1808 & 1812 Madison was the architect of the Constitution, was elected to Congress, & served as Jefferson’s VP Madison continued the dominance of the Democratic-Republican Party & tried to continue Jefferson’s policies of limited national gov’t

“Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry The War of 1812 “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry Unfortunately, the war between England & France continued to cause problems for Americans: England & France continued to violate American free trade The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants Many Congressmen, called “War Hawks” demanded war with Britain to defend U.S. honor

Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution” Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

Causes

The British attacked & burned Washington, DC… The War of 1812 (1812—1814) The British attacked & burned Washington, DC… The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war began Had a weak navy & poorly trained army The war went badly at first …and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

Star Spangled Banner

Hartford Convention- 1814 New England merchants (Federalists) who suffered due to the war & threatened to leave the Union Moderates propose constitutional amendments Repeal 3/5 compromise 2/3 majority necessary to admit new states No embargo may last longer than 60 days 2/3 majority necessary to ban trade with another nation 2/3 majority necessary to declare war Only natural-born citizens can hold office One-term limit on President; no two consecutive presidents can be from the same state End of the Federalist Party

The War of 1812 (1812—1814) Even though Britain was winning, they were fighting Napoleon’s army in Europe & wanted to end the war in America quickly

Treaty of Ghent Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war Effects of the War of 1812: Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” with a popular president & booming national economy 27