Multi cellular Plants Section 18-3, (25-2) Needed: Xerox 18-3 as Homework assignment; Textbook page 582 Gymnosperm Reproduction;

What is a Plant? Multi cellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotic Cell walls with cellulose Alternation of generation n to 2n Haploid to diploid

Alternation of Generation

Cell Wall Examples Plants - polysaccharide is cellulose Fungi – polysaccharide is chitin Bacteria – polysaccharide is peptidoglycan (Eubacteria – True bacteria)

All Plants Bryophytes Tracheophytes (Mosses) Vascular tissue Xylem Phloem Gymnosperms Ferns Angiosperms Use this slide to move to all the other slides in this presentation. Spores (Conifers) (Flowering Plants) Enclosed Seeds Naked Seeds Monocots Dicots

Structures to allow for life on land? Internal transport system products of photosynthesis need to move throughout plant. Anchoring system water, nutrients need to come from soil Reproduction modification include pollen and seeds

Two groups Bryophytes Tracheophytes

Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, horn worts Small - no vascular tissue standing water needed for reproduction Text picture p. 427 LT side three chapter 13 Life cycle

Tracheophytes Ferns, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms Vascular tissue xylem phloem Fern life cycle LT Side three chapter 14

Ferns (not on exam) Spores Alternation of generation Life cycle

LT Side three chapter 14

Gymnosperms Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgoes Naked seeds Male cones produce pollen Female cones (seed cones) contain eggs Use alternation of generations

Seed Cone and Pollen cone

Reproduction in Gymnosperms page 583 - notes Alternation of generation: when the gametophyte develops inside the sporophyte It takes a year for seed to be produced. Female seeds released after one entire winter.

Visualizing the Life Cycle of a Gymnosperm 1. What are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms? 2. What is the primary mechanism of pollen dispersal for most gymnosperms? 3. Is a pine tree diploid or haploid? 4. Why do the scales of a pine cone open as it matures? 5. Why are the male cones found on the bottom of a pine tree and the female cones found on the top?

1. Cones/scales the reproductive structures of gymnosperms? …... Gymnosperm….Answers 1. Cones/scales the reproductive structures of gymnosperms? 2. Wind the primary mechanism of pollen dispersal for most gymnosperms? 3. A pine tree is diploid. 4. The scales of a pine cone open to release the seeds. 5. This fosters more pollination between different individual trees.

14 angiosperms* 15 16 17 18 True 19 20 Section Review 25-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 14 angiosperms* 15 16 17 18 True 19 20

Seed Plant embryo Food supply Protective coating

Angiosperms Extremely successful flowers seeds What is a seed?

The Flower Reproductive organ in angiosperms Flowers are formed from four types of specialized leaves: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels

Sepals Leaflike Photosynthetic Enclose, protect developing flower bud

Petals Brightly colored Attract pollinators

Stamens Male leaves Produce pollen Filament Anther

Carpels Female leaves One or many carpels Carpel contains ovary Ovary contains ovules Parts: stigma, style, ovary

Monocots One cotyledon Flower parts in threes, sixes Leaves have parallel veins Vascular bundles scattered in stem

Specialized tissues in a Monocot (corn)

Dicots Two cotyledons Flower parts in fours, fives Veins in leaves branched Vascular bundles in a ring

Specialized tissues in a woody dicot Where is the xylem? Where is the phloem?

Trends to watch Invasion of land - structures Alternation of generation - the changes

Adapting to land Roots Leaves Vascular tissue Anchor plant Absorb water Leaves capture sunlight waxy cuticle stomata Vascular tissue xylem (water-up) phloem (food-down/up) Adapting to land

18 sexually, generation 19 wetter 20 moist 1 d 2 c 21 leaf 11 d 3 i Xerox 18-3 18 sexually, generation 19 wetter 20 moist 21 leaf 22 stem 23 water, minerals 24 stomates 25 diploid 26 the pollen grain 27 adaptations 1 d 2 c 3 i 4 a 5 k 6 h 7 f 8 n 9 o 10 m 11 d 12 b 13 l 14 g 15 e 16 j 17 b

28 Certain types of plants need different climate conditions. The relative abundance of fossilized plants indicates the type of climate that existed.