Matter SOL 6.4

It’s what the world is made of. Matter: It’s what the world is made of. Here are some notes

What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

How can matter be described? Physical and chemical properties are used to identify, describe, and classify matter. A substance is a single kind of matter that has distinct physical and chemical properties.

What is a physical property? A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else: State of matter Hardness Texture Color Melting and Boiling points

States of Matter Gases Plasma Solids Liquids

Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together Have very little energy Vibrate in place

Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume. Solids have mass. Solids take up space. Read more!

Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels Particles flow around each other

Liquids Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume. Liquids have mass. Liquids take up space. Read more!

Particles in Gases: Move freely Have LOTS of energy

Gases Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume. Gases have mass. Gases take up space. Read more!

Particles in Plasma: Are electrically charged Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

Plasma Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged. Read more!

What would it take for matter to move from one state to another? STATES of matter? What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

Energy determines the state!

Add or Subtract Energy. . . When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

What will happen? Why? Here are some notes

Solid + Energy = ? When energy is added to solids, they become liquids! Examples? Melting ice cube, melting ice cream

Liquid + Energy = ? When energy is added to liquids, they become gases! What examples can you think of? Boiling water

Changing States State change Phase change Physical change There are several names for matter changing states: State change Phase change Physical change

So, did we get something new? Ice cream and melted ice cream? Chocolate and melted chocolate? Ice, water, and water vapor? Steel and molten steel? NO

Review Questions What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape? Describe the properties of liquids. Describe the differences between gases and plasma. What is needed for states of matter to change phase?

Answers: A solid Particles are loosely packed, have medium energy levels and particles flow around each other. Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume. Plasma particles are electrically charged. ENERGY

Physical versus Chemical Changes and Properties

What is a physical property? A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else: State of matter Hardness Texture Color Melting and Boiling points

What is a chemical property? A chemical property is a characteristic that is observed when a substance interacts with another substance: Flammability Rusting Combustibility

Physical vs Chemical Changes Physical Change A change that alters the appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance. Examples: chopping wood, bending copper wire, molding clay Chemical Change A change in matter that produces new substances. Examples: souring of milk, burning wood

Evidence of a Chemical Change Smoke or Fire Bubbles or fizzing Unexpected temperature change Unexpected Color Change or rusting Precipitate (a solid) is formed or new substance formed

Kinds of Matter Elements – a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. Made up of only 1 kind of atom. Examples: gold, carbon, oxygen Compounds – a substance made of two of more elements chemically combined in a set proportion. Examples: CO2, H2O, C6H12O6

Mixtures - made up of two of more substances – elements, compounds, or both – that are in the same place but not chemically combined.