Cheryl Blake Edu 225 David Larson 4/2/17

Volcanos 2nd-5th grade Volcanic activity

What is a Volcano? A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. They are openings in the Earth’s surface.

The Different Stages of a Volcano Active Dormant Extinct An active volcano is one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon A dormant volcano is one which has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it can erupt in the future. An extinct volcano is one which has erupted thousands of years ago and there’s no possibility of eruption.

The Earth’s crust is made up I nto plates or pieces of land that fit together like a puzzle. Sometimes they collide into one another and they causes Earthquakes and Volcanic activity. This is known as plate tectonics . The Earth’s crust is made up of layers . Crust. Lithosphere. Asthenosphere. Mesosphere. Mantle. Outer core. Inner core

Click this video to watch a video on volcanoes http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/youtube-playlist- pages/youtube-playlist-volcano/

Quiz your knowledge on Volcanos http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/games/quizzes/quiz-whiz- volcanoes/

Ring of Fire Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean. The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 50% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. Ninety percent of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.

Four Types of Volcanos Cinder Cones- fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown into the air, cooled and fallen around the vent. Composite Volcanos- steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from high-viscosity lava, ash and rock debris. Shield Volcanos- Shield volcanoes are volcanoes shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by basaltic lava flows. Lava Volcanos- formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent.

Magma and Lava Magma is liquid rock inside a volcano. Lava that flows out of a volcano when it erupts it is Magma. Lava takes a long time to cool and as it flows down the volcano it hardens as it cools.

Types of Magma Basalt Andesite Dacite Rhyolite All of these form a volcanic rock called Pumice .

A pyroclastic flow is a fluidized mixture of solid to semi-solid fragments and hot, expanding gases that flows down the sides of a volcano. This material is like an avalanche of snow except they are very hot toxic gasses that move very fast .

Volcanic Islands A volcanic island is a mass of land formed by cooling magma that rises above the earth’s surface in the ocean. Lava erupting from the sea floor over time builds up and forms hard land and keeps building over time forming islands. Hawaii is five side by side islands that have grown together. Hawaii still has active volcanos. Guam, Philippines all were formed from volcanic activity.

Minerals in the Earth Land near the volcanos are very rich in minerals from the lava. Crops do well in the minerals that are straight from the earth. Hawaii is one of the largest exports for pineapple, bananas, and coffee.

How to make a model volcano https://youtu.be/9b_gltKtERY

References http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/science/volcano/ http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-volcano.htm