NREL’s Presenter on Market Updates for Energy Efficiency Amy Hollander Amy.Hollander@nrel.gov Thank you Randy.

Emerging Technologies for Community Scale Market Updates: Energy Upgrade Market Benefits Deep Energy Retrofits (Net Zero) Lighting HVAC Water Heating Appliances Retro-commissioning Building Energy Modeling Tools Emerging Technologies for Community Scale add many options for community scale tribal homes and buildings. These technologies have been recently introduced into the market. We are going to cover market benefits, deep energy retrofits and net zero energy buildings, lighting, Heating and Cooling (HVAC), appliances, retro-commissioning and energy modeling tools.

Community Scale Energy Consumption First off I want to demonstrate how U.S. Energy Consumption is at 41% for commercial and residential buildings with renewables fueling 9%. Opportunities for cost-effective energy conservation are referred to as the “Low hanging fruit” , or the items at the Community Scale which will return high energy savings at the least cost resource.

Utility Programs See EE as a Resource Seeing Energy Efficiency as a RESOURCE reminds us there is a cleaner, cheaper, and quicker to way to address energy –through energy efficiency. Since 2005 there has been a steady uptake of this approach, as seen in the role of Utility Programs controlling demand through a low-cost alternative. Source: 2013 State Energy Efficiency Scorecard

Community Scale Consumption and Savings Potential Homes and commercial buildings consume 41% of U.S energy $2,000 annual, per average American energy costs, $200 to $400 is wasted from air leakage and outdated HVAC The product of COMFORT in addition to monetary savings makes energy efficiency the most valuable EERE product. Of the $2,000 dollars the average American spends on energy annually, $200 to $400 could be going to waste from drafts, air leaks around openings, and outdated heating and cooling systems. By reducing these losses through energy efficiency upgrades, economic and a comfort factors are addressed for residential and small business.

Deep Energy Retrofits Without Renewables, homes and buildings can achieve Home Energy Rating (HERS) scores in the low to mid 30s (Range is 0-150) Double-stud walls filled with 12 inches of open-cell spray foam that yields an R-46 insulation value Exceptional air sealing R-10 of rigid foam insulates the basement slab while R-20 of closed cell spray foam insulates and air seals the inside of the basement walls R-36 of spray foam insulates and air seals the rim joists Min-split heat pumps heat and cool the interiors Adding solar PV to buildings can achieve a HERS scores as low as -37. The success of deep energy upgrades can be measured by the Home Energy Rating Score. Without renewables, buildings can achieve a score in the low to mid 30s (on a scale of zero to 150). Building or upgrading a building with spray foam wall and ceiling insulation, rim joist insulation and air sealing, and upgraded HVAC equipment can significantly reduce a buildings energy needs. Some of the variables included in HERS energy rating are: All exterior walls (both above and below grade) Floors over unconditioned spaces (like garages or cellars) Ceilings and roofs Attics, foundations and crawlspaces Windows and doors, vents and ductwork HVAC systems, water heating system, and your thermostat. Source: Building America Building Technologies Office

The Net Zero Energy Building One way to avoid upgrades is to start fresh with a NET ZERO ENERGY HOME, which produces as much energy as the home uses. Solar power from photovoltaic panels can provide all needed electricity. BUT before the panels go on, there is a lot the builder can do to reduce the amount of power the home will consume. This photo is a two person net zero Energy home with accessibility (wheel chair ramp) from the 2007 Solar Decathlon.

The Zero Energy Ready Building Increasing insulation levels Air sealing the building envelope Installing the most efficient HVAC Lighting and appliances Whole-house approach that also takes into account building durability and moisture issues Conduit, wiring, and plumbing for solar photovoltaic and water heating panels can be conveniently added while the home is under construction A zero energy-ready home is built ready for solar panels whenever the homeowner is ready to purchase them With a super-efficient home, not only will the homeowner have lower utility bills, when they are ready to install solar, they’ll need fewer panels to reach net zero, and fewer panels mean lower costs for purchase and installation. Market trends are heading towards net zero energy building, which can be achieved with “Zero Energy Ready” building standards, at no extra cost to the builder. Included are increased insulation, air sealing, HVAC such as ground source heat pumps, lighting and appliances, ventilation and air movement systems, and renewable ready conduit and plumbing.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) Today, available LED technology is about 150 lumens per watt 800 lumens, 60 watt equivalent 11 watt bulb cost almost $8 The Energy Department’s target is 250 lumens per watt – a 75% increase. Higher performing LEDS will help further reduce overall costs and increase lighting efficiency. Solid State lighting (SSL) can reduce electricity needs by 50% Focusing on avoiding efficiency droop in green LEDs can be achieved by improving the metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) processes from blue, through green, to yellow is a key to closing the "green gap," and how avoiding non-uniformity, V-defects, and impurities also plays an important role. Solid-state lighting (SSL) includes both light-emitting diode (LED) and organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology Solid State Lighting has the potential to reduce U.S. lighting energy usage by 50% and contribute significantly to our nation's climate change solutions, saving $250 billion in the next two decades. Congress recognized the benefits and mandated SSL technology to accelerate with the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The results in 2014 have us well on our way to installing LEDs instead of fluorescent lighting.

LED Lighting Results Lighting the Way for Big Energy Savings in Los Angeles November 20, 2013 The world's largest light emitting diode (LED) conversion project to date is under way in Los Angeles, California. In the project’s first phase alone, the city retrofitted over 141,000 streetlights, reducing energy use by 63% and saving the city $7 million a year in electricity costs. The project is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 47,583 metric tons annually, which is equivalent to removing about 10,000 cars from Los Angeles roadways per year. This case study on LED conversions for a LARGE community of 141,000 streetlights, . To show the impact of a 63% reduction in energy.

HVAC 32.4% of energy use is from HVAC (Heating and Cooling) Always replace heating systems with 90% efficient units New systems as young as 1970 are cost effective when replaced by modern 90%+ efficient systems. Buried And Encapsulated Ducts :Installing HVAC ducts in unconditioned attics causes large energy loss ranging from 10% - 45%, significantly increasing electricity bills for air conditioning. Building America researchers developed and tested a technique for insulating ducts with spray foam and burying them in attic insulation. The team’s research shows ducts installed this way in a vented attic can match the efficiency performance of ducts in conditioned spaces. 32.4% of building energy use is from heating and cooling. Replacing heating equipment with 90% efficient units has a much higher return on investment than new 80% energy efficient units, yet contractors still down-sell to the customer claiming, “there is not much difference”. This occurs with Energy Star appliances also. Why? Perhaps it is better to make a sale than no sale, and with non exciting items such as furnaces, upgrading to the most efficient isn’t always AS affordable. In new construction, and sometimes in retorfits buried and encapsulated ducts can save up to 45% in energy loss for duct work that is not in the heating envelope. Building Americas website has a full list of top innovations.

All traditional gas water heaters offer approximately 60% efficiency. Water Heating All traditional gas water heaters offer approximately 60% efficiency. Options Heat Pump Hot Water Heaters Tankless or On-Demand Hot Water Heaters Indirect or Side-arm hot water added to 90% efficient space heating unit All traditional gas water heaters offer approximately 60% efficiency. Options Heat Pump Hot Water Heaters Tankless or On-Demand Hot Water Heaters Indirect or Side-arm hot water added to 90% efficient space heating unit

Heat Pump Water Heater Install location must Remain between 40º to 90ºF Be at least 1,000 cubic feet of air space Cool exhaust air can be exhausted to the room or outdoors. Install in a space with excess heat, such as a furnace room. New Heat Pump Water Heater Retrofit Heat Pump Kit

Tankless On-demand Hot Water Heater Heats water through heat exchangers as needed at the rate of 2 to 5 gallons per minute. Tankless or On-demand water heaters heat water directly without the use of a storage tank. Therefore, they avoid the standby heat losses associated with storage water heaters. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit. Either a gas burner or an electric element heats the water. As a result, demand water heaters deliver a constant supply of hot water. You don't need to wait for a storage tank to fill up with enough hot water. However, a demand water heater's output limits the flow rate. Typically, demand water heaters provide hot water at a rate of 2–5 gallons (7.6–15.2 liters) per minute. Gas-fired demand water heaters produce higher flow rates than electric ones. Sometimes, however, even the largest, gas-fired model cannot supply enough hot water for simultaneous, multiple uses in large households. For example, taking a shower and running the dishwasher at the same time can stretch a demand water heater to its limit. To overcome this problem, you can install two or more demand water heaters, connected in parallel for simultaneous demands of hot water. You can also install separate demand water heaters for appliances—such as a clothes washer or dishwater—that use a lot of hot water in your home.

Indirect or Side-Arm Hot Water Heating With Hydronic Heat (known as a boiler) consider adding a indirect water heater, known as a side arm water heater. A 90% efficient boiler heats the water at 90% efficiency by circulating hot water from the boiler through a heat exchanger in a well-insulated water heater tank. In the less common furnace-based systems, water in a heat exchanger coil circulates through the furnace to be heated, then through the water storage tank. An indirect water heater is one of the best options because it eliminates the tremendous flue losses associated with gas-fired storage water heaters but without the hassles and extra costs of Tank-less gas water heaters.

Appliances Efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers will improve efficiency by 255 by 2014. Will deliver more than $200 in electricity bill savings for typical consumer. Nationally this will save $21 billion on energy through 2043 Household appliances account for about 15% of your household's energy consumption, with refrigerators, clothes washers, and clothes dryers at the top of the consumption list.

Retrocommissioning Applicable for multifamily, casinos, schools, community buildings, rec centers Retro-commissioning is a process for “tuning up” a building’s equipment to make it work as efficiently as possible without major capital investment. Retro-commissioning for buildings is a low cost way to reduce energy costs by 10% to 20%, adding comfort as a dominant non-energy benefit. Retrocommissioning is also known as Re-tuning, and is a significantly overlooked energy efficiency item. It can save

Examples of RCx Changes to a Building Enable malfunctioning controls Optimize economizer functionality Optimize schedules and optimum start Eliminate boiler short cycling Non-functional BAS allowing the building to “run wild” & equipment to function independently Dedicated IT Cooling (Casinos) Enable malfunctioning controls Optimize economizer functionality-free cooling is the best! Optimize schedules and optimum start-shorten run hours of mechanical equipment, put VAV box air flow to minimum during warm-up, and reduce time for VAV boxes to switch in unoccupied mode Eliminate boiler short cycling Non-functional BAS allowing the building to “run wild” & equipment to function independently-the installed BAS was non-functional and the building was “running wild”. There had been no central control of HVAC equipment and all equipment was functioning independently in an “emergency-loss-of-communication” mode with no schedule or set-point control. Dedicated IT Cooling-Often IT rooms need continuous cooling and facilities make the mistake of cooling it with their central HVAC system. Mini split system, fan powered VAV box to circulate cooling, or independent outdoor air economizer during cooler or swing seasons. Usually, a combination of dedicated cooling system and OA economizer is most efficient and robust solution. PECI’s “A Retro-commissioning Guide for Building Owners”

Building Energy Modeling Tools DOE’s Building America teams of building science experts have developed key technical tools: 10 energy saving strategies as "top innovations" to transform the residential building industry. Energy Modeling Software Energy Plus Open Studio In 2013, 130 Technical Reports on building energy innovations View a full list of Building America’s top innovations or go to Building America.gov to access an extensive collection of technical resources, tools and other solutions that improve energy performance and quality of new and existing homes and buildings. DOE’s Building America’s teams of building science experts have developed key technical reports (130 in fiscal year 2013 alone) that describe home energy innovations and provide steps for successfully implementing energy efficient solutions. Building America identified ten of these energy saving strategies as "top innovations" to transform the residential building industry.

Thank You & Contact Information For Technical Assistance: IndianEnergy@hq.doe.gov. DOE Office of Indian Energy Website: www.energy.gov/indianenergy Building America. Gov www.Building America.gov Amy Hollander Amy.hollander@nrel.gov