Muscles of the back of thigh Sciatic nerve Root value: sacral plexus (L4,5, S1,2,3). Course & relations: It passes through the greater sciatic foramen.

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Presentation transcript:

Muscles of the back of thigh

Sciatic nerve Root value: sacral plexus (L4,5, S1,2,3). Course & relations: It passes through the greater sciatic foramen (below piriformis). Passes deep to glut maximus. Passes deep to hamstrings.

Branches Muscular: 1-Tibial N. 2-Common peroneal N. From med side: biceps (long head), semitendinousus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus (ischial part). From lat side: biceps (short head). End: at lower 1/3 of thigh (sup angle of popliteal fossa) by dividing into: 1-Tibial N. 2-Common peroneal N.

Injury of sciatic Nerve Motor: paralysis of hamstrings → impaired knee flexion. paralysis of all muscles below knee (tibial & common peroneal Ns) → foot drop. Sensory: loss of sensation below knee (tibial& common peroneal Ns) except med side of leg & foot (saphenous N of femoral).

Popliteal fossa Definition: diamond shaped space at the back of the knee. Boundaries: Superolateral: biceps. Superomedial: semitendinosus & semimembranosus. Inferolateral: gastrocnemius (lat head). Inferomedial: gastrocnemius (med head).

Roof: skin, superficial fascia & deep fascia. Floor: 1-Sup 1/3: femur (popliteal surface). 2-Middle 1/3: knee capsule. 3-Inf 1/3: popliteus muscle.

contents 1-Popliteal A: the deepest structure. 2-Popliteal V: superficial to the artery. 3-Tibial (med popliteal) N: passes superficial to popliteal vessels from sup to inf angles. 4-common peroneal (lat popliteal) N: passes from sup to lat angles near biceps. 5-Popliteal lymph nodes.

Common peroneal (lateral popliteal) nerve Root value: Sacral plexus, L4,5,S1,2 (ant rami, post divisions). Beginning: one of 2 terminal branches of sciatic N at lower 1/3 of back of thigh (sup angle of popliteal fossa).

Course &Relations -It enters popliteal fossa through the sup angle. -Descends near the biceps. -Leaves the fossa through the lat angle. -Curves on the lat side of neck of fibula where it ends.

Branches . Cutaneous: 1-Lat cutaneous N of calf: skin of lat & ant surfaces of the upper part of leg. 2-Sural communicating N: joins the sural N (of tibial). Articular: knee. Terminal branches: superficial & deep peroneal Ns. End: It ends by dividing on the lat side of neck of fibula into superficial peroneal (musculocutaneous) & deep peroneal (ant tibial) Ns.

Injury Cause: usually fracture neck of fibula. Motor: Paralysis of extensors of leg → foot drop. Paralysis of peroneal muscles → loss of eversion. Sensory: loss of sensation of: Ant & lat sides of leg. Dorsum of foot except med & lat borders. Dorsum of toes except lat side of little toe.