2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate? What are the common disorders of the digestive system? How are disorders of the digestive system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Understand the functions of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Mouth (buccal cavity) What digestive system functions occur in the mouth? What is bolus? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Tongue What is the digestive system function of the tongue? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Teeth Define mastication. How is the tooth’s shape related to its function? Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Two types of Incisors: Central and Lateral. Central are located in the front part of the jaws and normally the midline of the face goes right between them. Central incisors (particularly the upper ones) are the most visible of all teeth. As with all teeth, variations of size, shape, and color exist among people The upper central incisors (two in number) have a "shovel" shape and on the back side (palatal side), they typically show a cusp called the incisal ridge or edge. The two maxillary central incisors play an important part in the pronunciation of consonants. The lower central incisors (two in number) are much smaller than the uppers. As for chewing, central incisors function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication. All incisors have a single root. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system THE LATERAL INCISORS are small teeth located between the central incisors and the canines. There are 4 lateral incisors : 2 upper and 2 lower. Lateral incisors function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication. They have an important aesthetic role, although not as pronounced as the central incisors. The upper lateral incisors can also play a part in consonants pronunciation. Lateral incisors have a single root, usually very small and thin. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system CUSPIDS: (also called canine) Canines are one of the strongest of all teeth and are 4 in number One feature of cuspids(canine teeth) is the fact that they are our longest teeth, with a pointed end, and surprisingly, only one implanted root. Canines rip food, but their position on either side of the mouth help guide the mouth and other teeth into the best biting position For our purposes we will refer to the two canine teeth as the CUSPID AND THE BICUSPID MOLARS: These are your sharpest teeth and are used for ripping and tearing food apart. ... Molars are also used for chewing and grinding food. Primary molars, also known as deciduous molars, appear between 12 and 28 months, and are replaced by the first and second premolars (four upper and four lower) described above Normally adults have 12 molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Salivary glands What is the function of the salivary glands? What chemical action takes place in the mouth as a result? salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. It also helps break down carbohydrates (with salivary amylase, formerly known as ptyalin) and lubricates the passage of food down from the oro-pharynx to the esophagus to the stomach. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system What are the functions of these oral cavity structures. The Palate and the uvula. The hard palate help move food to the back of the mouth and is referred to as the “roof of the mouth” During swallowing, the soft palate and the uvula move together to close off the nasopharynx, and prevent food from entering the nasal cavity Uvuala 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Pharynx What does the pharynx do? It is commonly referred to as the throat. The pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems. For the digestive system, its muscular walls function in the process of swallowing, and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Esophagus What does the esophagus do? What is its relevance to your health? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Stomach What are the functions of the stomach? What chemicals are released there? How long does it take for the stomach to empty? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Gastric juices Enteroendocrine glands gastrin Parietal cells HCL and intrinsic factor Chief type cells pepsinogen Mucus cells alkaline mucus Rennin 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Small Intestine What digestive process occurs here? What are villi? What is the relevance to your health? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Pancreas What digestive enzymes are secreted by the pancreas? What is there function? Which other system does the pancreas function? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Liver What are the functions of the liver? What is the function of bile glycogen? What vitamin is produced by the liver? Why is it important? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Gallbladder What is the function of the gallbladder? Why is this function important? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Large intestine What are the functions of the large intestines? What is its relevance to health? What type of diet promotes colon health? What is chyme? What is the semi-solid liquid secreted from the ileum through the ileoceccal valve called that enters the large intestine? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Understand the functions of the digestive system Discus the processes of digestion and their relevance to health. Chemical Physical Absorption Elimination 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system News Flash... New treatment!!!! Fecal transplant Allows the bacteria from the healthy stool to repopulate the gut of the patient who has lost healthy bacteria in their gut Used to treat Clostridium difficile that grows in human intestines Symptoms range from persistent diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon to death 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Potty Trivia... What can healthcare professionals learn from observing stool specimens? On average, how much flatus does a person produce per day? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Act of Digestion Discuss each action of the digestive system… Ingestion Mastication Digestion Secretion Absorption Excretion 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Functions of the digestive system Check your knowledge… 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Anorexia Decreased or poor appetite Symptom Anorexia nervosa Eating disorder characterized by refusal to eat Psychiatric disorder VS 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Caries What is another name for caries? What are caries? Can you identify preventive measures? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Cholecystitis What is cholecystitis? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Cholelithiasis 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Cleft palate What is cleft palate? What is its impact on health? Who have this condition? What specialist(s) should be consulted to correct a cleft palates? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Cirrhosis What is cirrhosis? What are the symptoms? What is the leading cause of cirrhosis? How can it be treated? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Constipation What is constipation? What are some causes? What is obstipation? How can constipation be prevented? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive disorders Diarrhea Define diarrhea. What causes it? What are the effects on your health? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive disorders Gastroenteritis What is gastroenteritis? What causes it? What healthcare professional would you see for treatment? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) What are some common causes of GERD? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Hepatitis Acute Chronic Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E What are some common symptoms of hepatitis? Which hepatitis virus has a vaccine? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Irritable bowel syndrome Define irritable bowel syndrome. Discuss how will treatments relate to: Lifestyle Diet Medication 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Disorders of the digestive system Peptic ulcer What is a peptic ulcer? What causes it? How is it treated? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system Healthy dietary habits help maintain homeostasis of body systems 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system Vitamins Fat soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K Water soluble Vitamins C, B Electrolytes Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium What roles do electrolytes and vitamins play in the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate? What are the common disorders of the digestive system? How are disorders of the digestive system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system