Amendment Review 1-15 First 10 Amendments make-up the Bill of Rights. Anti-federalist would not approve the Constitution until a Bill of Rights was added.

First Amendment: RAPPS 5 Basic Freedoms R: Religion A: Assembly P: Press P: Petition S: Speech

For Freedom of Religion note the: - Establishment Clause: The U. S For Freedom of Religion note the: - Establishment Clause: The U.S. Constitution prevents Congress from setting up a state religion. - Free Exercise Clause: The U.S. Constitution prohibits Congress from interfering with people practicing their religion as they wish.

2nd Amendment: 3rd Amendment: 4th Amendment: right to bear arms and maintain a well-regulated militia. 3rd Amendment: forbids quartering of soldiers 4th Amendment: limits searches and seizures (need a warrant)

1. due process of law (“No person shall…be 5th Amendment: 5 Parts of the 5th: 1. due process of law (“No person shall…be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” The due process clause in the Fifth Amendment applies to federal crimes and federal criminal prosecutions.  This is Procedural Due Process. It consists of the restrictions that the law places on the legal process. It is found in the 5th Amendment and outlines basic constitutional limits on police and court procedures.

2. Protection against self-incrimination Right to remain silent & not testify against yourself in court. I plead the 5th! 3. Double jeopardy cannot be tried for the same crime twice 4. Grand Jury Clause Americans CANNOT be charged with a federal crime unless there is an indictments by a grand jury. 5. Eminent Domain Clause: The government cannot claim and seize personal property without payment and without it being for public use. 

6th Amendment: 7th Amendment: 8th Amendment: right to a lawyer, right to a speedy & public trial in criminal cases 7th Amendment: right to a jury trial in civil cases 8th Amendment: forbids “cruel and unusual punishment” forbids excessive bails & fines

9th Amendment: 10th Amendment entitles you to rights not listed in the Constitution. Unenumurated Rights  "retained by  the people," 10th Amendment powers not given to the U.S. government are reserved to the states or the people (reserved powers)

11th Amendment: 12th Amendment: Places limits on an individual’s right to sue states in Federal Court. 12th Amendment: Separate ballots for president and vice president. Avoids the confusion before 1804.

13th Amendment: 14th Amendment: FOUR PARTS OF THE 14TH: abolished slavery 14th Amendment: FOUR PARTS OF THE 14TH: a) Guarantees rights of citizenship. b) due process. This is Substantive Due Process: It is the determination of whether or not the law itself exceeds the government’s constitutional authority. This is used by the SCOTUS to apply the Bill of Rights to the states. called Selective Incorporation or the Incorporation Doctrine.

voting rights for former slaves (African American men) c) Equal protection under the law. (“nor shall any State…deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”) The equal protection clause applies to state governments. d) No state would be allowed to abridge the "privileges and immunities" of citizens. 15th Amendment: voting rights for former slaves (African American men)