INSTRUCTOR © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

To the Instructor The set of files here are designed to help you prepare lectures for your own course using the text Introduction to Petroleum Engineering, J.R. Fanchi and R.L. Christiansen (Wiley, 2017) File format is kept simple so that you can customize the files with relative ease using your own style. You will need to supplement the files to complete the presentation topics.

Offshore Facilities © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

Outline Offshore Platforms Offshore Issues

OFFSHORE PLATFORMS

Offshore Platforms – 1 http://www.atp.nist.gov/eao/grc04-863/chapt4.htm, accessed 10-17-10, and http://i566.photobucket.com/albums/ss102/OMBugge/Offshore%20Pics/offshore_platform.gif

Offshore Platforms – 2 1 10 3 4, 5 2 6 7, 8 9 1, 2) conventional fixed platforms (e.g. Shell’s Bullwinkle in 1991 at 412 m/1,353 ft GOM) 3) compliant tower (e.g. ChevronTexaco’s Petronius in 1998 at 534 m /1,754 ft GOM) 4, 5) vertically moored tension leg and mini-tension leg platform (e.g. ConocoPhillips’ Magnolia in 2004 1,425 m/4,674 ft GOM) http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/background/oil/media/types_600.html, accessed 10-17-10

Offshore Platforms – 3 1 10 3 4, 5 2 6 7, 8 9 6) Spar (e.g. Dominion’s Devils Tower in 2004, 1,710 m/5,610 ft GOM) 7,8) Semi-submersibles (e.g. Shell’s NaKika in 2003, 1920 m/6,300 ft GOM) 9) Floating production, storage, and offloading facility (e.g. 2005, 1,345 m/4,429 ft Brazil) 10) sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility (e.g. Shell’s Coulomb tie to NaKika 2004, 2,307 m/ 7,570 ft). http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06mexico/background/oil/media/types_600.html, accessed 10-17-10

Typical Depths of Offshore Production Systems Steel jacket platforms – 1,500’ water depth Gravity based platforms – 1,000’ water depth Compliant towers – 3,000’ water depth Tension leg platforms – 5,000’ water depth Production spars – 7,500’ water depth Floating Production Offloading Vessels & Subsea completion – Unlimited water depth

http://thaidecom.com/uploads/images/11.gif, accessed 10-17-10 Size Comparison http://thaidecom.com/uploads/images/11.gif, accessed 10-17-10

Key Components of an Offshore Platform

Northwest Hutton, North Sea JPT (Jan 2013) and SPE 156827 Installed 130 km northeast of the Shetland Islands in a water depth of 144 m. Consisted of a 18 000-t steel jacket support structure and 22 000 t of topside modules. At its peak, NWH produced a maximum of 86,500 BOPD. Platform now decommissioned (taken apart)

Capture and Containment Vessels Outfitting and testing ships for emergency hydrocarbon capture and processing operations in US Gulf of Mexico Eagle Texas Eagle Louisiana In response to Deepwater Horizon Converted tankers FPSO capability Capture capacity Oil: 100,000 BPD Gas: 200 MMSCF/D Ships docked near Ingleside, Texas Source: Photo courtesy of Marine Well Containment Co., JPT (Nov 2014), pg. 40 © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

OFFSHORE ISSUES

OFFSHORE ISSUES Cost dominant Ocean properties Wind & weather E.g. capital investment in platforms Ocean properties Depths now exceeding 10,000’ Ocean currents Wind & weather North Sea sometimes 125 mph wind & 90’ waves Gulf of Mexico hurricanes common W. Africa relatively calm compared to above Sea floor stability North Sea floor is hard – good for gravity based platforms GOM – unstable floor needs pile driving

Heavy Lift Catamaran Removing topsides of burned out platform in GoM Jacket Built by Versabar (Houston – New Orleans), www.vbar.com, JPT May 2011

Single lift vessel JPT (Jan 2013) and OTC 23169 Vessel built for single lifting of topsides of offshore platforms up to 53,000 short tons and jackets up to 27,500 short tons. The vessel will have a wide slot at the bow that fits around platform substructures and will be equipped with a hydraulically operated topside-lifting system.

Offshore Wind Turbine, 2 MW JPT (Jan 2013) and OTC 23492 Add turbine to platform in dry dock 2 to 2.3 MW Wind turbine prototype Offshore Portugal 49 m deep water, 6 km offshore Connected to Portugese power grid

2nd Explosion on Petrobras P-36 2nd explosion increased flooding of column Further flooding Aft starboard column compartments Pontoon tanks http://home.versatel.nl/the_sims/rig/p36.htm accessed Nov. 24, 2014

QUESTIONS?

SUPPLEMENT