Planetary Atmosphere With ALMA Raphaël Moreno Observatoire de Paris-Meudon

Planetary atmosphere science Composition : Vertical distribution of species Search for new species Thermal structure: P(T) Dynamics : winds 3D mapping and monitoring: seasonal variations Constraints on the origin and evolution of planets and the formation of the solar system

Observations with ALMA HIGHLY IMPROVED Spatial resolution : Mapping of species Sensitivity : Search for new species Bandwidth : Large tropospheric lines Spectral resolution : Narrow stratospheric lines Line profile / Winds

Mapping Planets with ALMA Apparent diameter: Planets : 2-60 “ Satellites & Pluto : 0.1-1” ALMA spatial resolution : 0.1-0.01 “ 0.01 “  (3-300 km @ 0.4-40 AU) biggest planets limited to low frequency

Planetary and satellites atmospheres (DRSP theme: 4.1 ) Dynamic of Mars and Venus atmosphere 3D water cycle of Mars Chemistry of the atmosphere of Mars and Venus Composition and dynamic of giant planet stratosphere Search for broad line in the troposphere of the giant planets Chemical-dynamical coupling in Titan’s atmosphere Volcanism in Io The atmosphere of Triton, Pluto and other TNO objects

Mars - Wind ALMA: CO Doppler lineshift (mm): Strong retrograde wind GCM: prograde winds ALMA: 3D-maps of winds and P(T)  Constrains on the dynamic and thermal structure IRAM PdB Moreno 1999

Mars – water cycle ALMA: Probe H2O near the surface 3D- field of water mm observations of HDO : Probe H2O near the surface ALMA: 3D- field of water  H2O gas/ice interaction at different seasons OVRO HDO 226 GHz (Gurwell)

Mars – Photochemistry ALMA: H2O2 recently detected mm/IR 3D-maps of H2O2 Search for new species : HO2, H2CO, NO JCMT – Clancy etal 2004

VENUS ALMA: Atm. : CO2,N2+ traces of H2O, S-bearing species mm/submm: CO and isotopes, winds, HDO ALMA: Search for : HCL, H2S, SO2 3D-maps of CO, HDO  Dynamics and thermal structure H2O spatial distribution Photochemistry CO(2-1) Bulh etal 91

Giant planets – Troposphere Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O, NH3(J,S), PH3(J,S) mm/submm : PH3(J+S), CO(N) ALMA: Search for new species : PH3 (U,N), CO(U), isotopes 3D-Maps PH3, CO, P(T)  Planets formation and evolution JCMT – Weisstein etal 96

Giant Planets - Stratosphere Composition : H2, He, CH4, H2O mm/submm: CO(J,N), HCN(J,N) CS(J), H2O ALMA: 3D-maps of CO, HCN Search for CO(U), HCN(U), HDO, Isotopes  Origin of external water JCMT- Marten etal 04

Titan ALMA: Dense and cold : N2/CH4 mm/submm : CO and HCN isotopes, HC3N, CH3CN, winds ALMA: Search for more complex species 3D-Maps of nitriles Dynamics/photochemistry coupling Complement observations to CASSINI  IRAM-PdB Moreno 03

Io ALMA: Tenuous SO2 atmosphere mm/submm: SO, SO2 and NaCl Search for new species (OCS, S2O, KCL) 3D-Maps detected species Atmosphere origin : Volcanism/sublimation IRAM-30m Lellouch 03

Pluton-Triton ALMA: Tenuous N2 atmosphere mm/submm: CO upper limits Search for CO  Atmospheric Temperature Pluton-Charon HST- separation 0.9”