Summary of the non-accelerator particle physics workshop session Stefan Schönert, TUM KET Strategie Workshop, Dortmund, 25/26.10.2010

Topics in workshop session Direct neutrino mass measurement: Katrin & beyond - C. Weinheimer Neutrino-less double beta decay: exploring the inverse mass hierarchy - K. Zuber (Cobra), B. Majorovits (GERDA & Majorana) Proton decay & neutrino astrophysics with LENA: L. Oberauer Direct Dark Matter search: Eureca & Xenon: J. Jochum Proton decay & neutrino astrophysics with low-energy extension of IceCube DeepCore ….could not discuss many other interesting things… U. Oberlack  DM plenary talk C. Spiering  KAT/Astroparticle plenary talk

The unknown neutrino properties and how to unravel them Hierarchy ? 13 Mass scale  =  ?  : 13  0 Accelerator Exp. Beta Endpoint Double Beta Decay Reactor Exp. Atmos. Exp. CP phases , , 

The neutrino energy scale & experiments -decay Katrin (Mare, P8) reactor accelerator Kamland 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV Adopted from T. DeYoung astrophysical

After 3 live years: German participants: KIT, Münster, Mainz, Bonn, MPIK After 3 live years:

 C.W.: “beyond 100 meV not fully unfeasible”

The neutrino energy scale & experiments 0 -decay Katrin (Mare, P8) reactor accelerator Kamland 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV Adopted from T. DeYoung astrophysical

0- and 2 decay 2: (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e- + 2ne odd-odd L=0 even-even 0: (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e- L=2 2 Experimental signatures: peak at Q = Ee1 + Ee2 - 2me two electrons from vertex production of grand-daughter isotope arbitrary units 0 Energy (keV)

Decay rate and effective neutrino mass Expected decay rate: Phase space integral Nuclear matrix element Q-value of decay Assume leading term is exchange of light Majorana neutrinos Effective neutrino mass (complex) neutrino mixing matrix

0: physics implications 1) Dirac vs. Majorana particle: (i.e. its own anti-particle)?  0  Majorana nature  Majorana  See-Saw mechanism  Majorana  CP violation in MR  higgs + lepton  Leptogenesis  B asymmetry 2) Absolute mass scale:  Hierarchy: degenerate, inverted or normal  (effective) neutrino mass

Predictions from oscillation experiments F.Feruglio, A. Strumia, F. Vissani, NPB 659 90% CL Negligible errors from oscillations; width due to CP phases

Predictions from oscillation experiments KDKC claim: [0.17-0.45] eV (PRD79) F.Feruglio, A. Strumia, F. Vissani, NPB 659 Goal of next generation experiments: ~10 meV 90% CL Negligible errors from oscillations; width due to CP phases

QRPA IBM2 SM (Simkovic et al. PRC 77, 2008) ~4 (Barea and Iachello, PRC 79, 2009) ~3 SM (Caurier et al., PRL 100, 2008) ~4

Overview of Experiments Name Nucleus Mass* Method Location Time line Operational & recently completed experiments CUORICINO Te-130 11 kg bolometric LNGS 2003-2008 NEMO-3 Mo-100/Se-82 6.9/0.9 kg tracko-calo LSM until 2010 Construction funding CUORE 200 kg 2012 EXO-200 Xe-136 160 kg liquid TPC WIPP 2010 GERDA I/II Ge-76 40 kg ionization SNO+ Nd-150 56 kg scintillation SNOlab 2011 Substantial R&D funding / prototyping CANDLES Ca-48 0.35 kg Kamioka 2009 Majorana 26 kg SUSL NEXT 80 kg gas TPC Canfranc 2013 SuperNEMO Se-82 or Nd-150 100 kg 2012 (first mod.) R&D and/or conceptual design CARVEL tbd Solotvina   COBRA Cd-116, Te-130 tbd  DCBA drift chamber EXO gas MOON Mo-100 tracking Oto Other decay modes TGV Cd-106 operational Overview of Experiments *: mass of DBD-isotopes; detector & analysis inefficiencies NOT included! Range: 18% to ~90%

Two new 76Ge Projects: LoI Majorana GERDA @ LNGS ‘Bare’ enrGe array in liquid argon Shield: high-purity liquid Argon / H2O Phase I: 18 kg (HdM/IGEX) / 15 kg nat. Phase II: add ~20 kg new enr. Detectors; total ~40 kg Array(s) of enrGe housed in high-purity electroformed copper cryostat Shield: electroformed copper / lead Initial phase: R&D demonstrator module: Total ~60 kg (30 kg enr.) Physics goals: degenerate mass range Technology: study of bgds. and exp. techniques open exchange of knowledge & technologies (e.g. MaGe MC) intention to merge for O(1 ton) exp. ( inv. Hierarchy) selecting the best technologies tested in GERDA and Majorana LoI

Nov/Dec.’09: Liquid argon fill Jan ’10: Commissioning of cryogenic system Apr/Mai ’10: emergency drainage tests of water tank Apr/Mai ’10: Installation c-lock May ’10: 1st deployment of FE&detector mock-up June ‘10: Commissioning with natGe detector string Soon: start Phase I physics data taking German participants: MPIK, MPP, Tübingen, Dresden, new: TUM

Phases and physics reach 2·1027 (90 % CL) * <24 - 41 meV 2·1026 (90 % CL) * <75 - 129 meV assuming |M0|=2.99-8.99 [Smol&Grab PRC’10] and 86% enrichment 3·1025 (90 % CL)* GERDA Phase II/ Majorana Demonst. KK GERDA Phase III/ Majorana GERDA Phase I *: no event in ROI required for ‘background free’ exp. with E~3.3 keV (FWHM): O(10-3) O(10-4) counts/(kg·y·keV) Background requirement for GERDA/Majorana: Background reduction by factor 102 - 103 required w.r. to precursor exps. Degenerate mass scale O(102 kg·y)  Inverted mass scale O(103 kg·y)

Example for GERDA R&D for a 1 ton experiment: instrumentation of LAr Source run with GERDA LArGe facility Survival ~2 10-4 also R&D with fibres and SiPM GERDA-LArGe Facility @ LNGS

Cobra: R&D for solid state CdZnTe TPC for 0 German participants: Dresden, Dortmund, Freiburg, Erlangen, Hamburg

Liquid Scintillators are well known as neutrino targets Poltergeist ~ 1 t Double-Chooz ~ 10 t KamLAND ~ 1000 t SNO+ ~ 1000 t BOREXINO ~ 300 t 21

The neutrino energy scale & experiments 0 -decay Katrin (Mare, P8) reactor accelerator Kamland Borexino 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV Adopted from T. DeYoung astrophysical

Recent results from Borexino German participants: MPIK, TUM 8-B 7-Be Solar neutrinos: 7-Be, 8-B Geo-neutrinos

The neutrino energy scale & experiments 0 -decay Katrin (Mare, P8) reactor accelerator Double Chooz Kamland Borexino 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV Adopted from T. DeYoung astrophysical

Double Chooz: measurement of 13 Near detector 400 Far detector 1050 m Breaking news: liquid scintillator filling started in October  Physics data taking planned for early 2011 German participants: MPIK, TUM, Tübingen, Aachen, Hamburg

The neutrino energy scale & experiments 0 -decay Katrin (Mare, P8) reactor accelerator Double Chooz Kamland LENA Borexino 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV Adopted from T. DeYoung astrophysical

LENA – Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy ~50 kt liquid scintillator deep underground detector Physics program: Proton Decay Galactic Supernova Burst Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background Long baseline neutrino oscillations Solar Neutrinos Geo neutrinos Reactor neutrinos Neutrino oscillometry Atmospheric neutrinos Dark Matter indirect search 27

Proton decay in LENA K m, p p e+ p0  1033 y (work progress) High efficiency (68%) for p  K+   5 x 1034 y p e+ p0  1033 y (work progress) K m, p Latest developments: Full event reconstruction under study: “LS as optical TPC” Site study for Pyhäsalmi completed (FP7) White paper under preparation (German contributions to white paper: TUM, Aachen, Hamburg, HGF, …..)

The neutrino energy scale & experiments 0 -decay Katrin (Mare, P8) reactor accelerator Double Chooz Kamland Borexino 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV LENA 1 MeV IceCube Low-E extension Adopted from T. DeYoung astrophysical

indirect search for dark matter Goals: indirect search for dark matter • atmospheric neutrinos: -oscillations • neutrino sources in Southern Hemisphere German contributions: Aachen, MPIK, Wuppertal, Dortmund, Mainz, Zeuthen, Humbold Univ. Berlin

Feasibility study for IceCube DeepCore low-energy extension: A Megaton Cherenkov Ring Imager in Ice Physics goals: proton decay: target channel p → 0 + e+ with τp~1035-1036 y indirect DM • supernova neutrinos hep solar neutrinos • Neutrino physics Atmospheric  long baseline  Existing experimental infrastructure at South pole; experience with string deployment; physics data taking during detector extension goal: 10 MeV energy threshold

Summary & future projects Direct DM search: 1 ton experiment  U. Oberlack’s talk Direct  mass measurement < 100 meV (beyond KATRIN) challenging, however there are new ideas! Neutrino-less double beta decay (0): GERDA phase I/II under preparation  prototype for 1 ton experiment (GERDA/Majorana) Cobra R&D for solid state TPC No time to discuss mentioned: SNO+ participation TU Dresden (Zube) EXO participation of group at TUM (Fierlinger) studies Ba tagging Liquid scintillator projects Borexino: precision measurements of solar-’s, reactor- and geo- detection Double Chooz near detector filling started; far detector to be constructed Proton decay & neutrino astronomy with LENA Water (Ice) Cherenkov Design studay for proton decay & neutrino astrophysics with low-energy extension of IceCube DeepCore