Presented by: Sujay Chowdhury Supervisor: Prof. Kenichi Matsui Climate Change Adaptation Policy Actions in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh Presented by: Sujay Chowdhury Supervisor: Prof. Kenichi Matsui Date : 15 January 2018

Outline Background Study Area Objectives Methodology Climate Change Adaptation Policy Actions in the Coastal Areas Analytical Framework for Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy & Action Plan Conclusion Future Work Reference

1. Background Bangladesh: Most vulnerable countries to climate change Coastal area: More susceptible to disaster Urgent and long term actions ‍are taken Adaptation is the first priority Effect of cyclone Nargis in 2009 Effect of cyclone Sidr in 2007 Multi-purpose cyclone shelter

2. Study Area-Coastal Areas of Bangladesh 19 districts of Bangladesh 70 major cyclones hit the coastal belt from the past 200 years about 20% of total land and over 30% of the cultivable lands 0.9 million people died by cyclone throughout last 35 years 35 million population with 8 million highly exposed to disaster Limited research on climate change policy initiatives Source: CDMP Phase II

To examine climate change adaptation policy actions done by the Government in coastal areas of Bangladesh and To give policy recommendation for better climate change resilience. 3. Objectives

4. Methodology For policy analytical framework For policy initiatives Primary source Project lists of Bangladesh Climate Change Trust & others from 2009 to 2016. Secondary source Govt. national plan, programme, policy online publications, books, governmental reports, international reports, scientific journals and news articles For policy analytical framework Secondary source Govt. national plan & programme from 2004 to till date; Sectoral policy Online publications, books, governmental reports, international reports, scientific journals and news articles For policy initiatives From 2008 to 2016 Personal working experience

5. Climate Change Adaptation Policy Actions in the Coastal Areas Name Year of formulation Key objectives CC adaptation issue Coastal area specific issue Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) 2004-2009, 2010-2015 Strengthen national capacity to manage risks related to disasters Well addressed. Climate Change Cell established Livelihood adaption to climate change activities. Flood, storm surge, salinity maps, early warning systems for floods and cyclones National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) 2005 (Revised in 2009) Mainstreaming adaptation to CC into national & sect oral policies and plan 15 priority activities for adaptation option Coastal afforestation with community participation, providing pure drinking water, salt tolerant fish and agriculture

5. Change Adaptation Policy Actions in the Coastal Areas (cont….) Name Year of formulation Key objective CC adaptation issue Coastal area specific issue 7th Five Year Plan 2016-2020 Accelerating growth, empowering citizen Discussed as a separate sector and chapter. More focus on adaptation All adaptation activities address the need of coastal people Perspective Plan 2010-2021 Protect Bangladesh from unpleasant effects of climate change Adaptation has given the main focus, Adaptive capacity building, allocation Integrated coastal zone management Desalinization of water and land

5. Climate Change Adaptation Policy Actions in the Coastal Areas (cont….) Name Year of formulation Key objective CC adaptation issue Coastal area specific issue National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) 2010-2021 Meet the challenges of economic, social and environmental sustainability Global sustainable agenda Climate Change as one of the 7th challenges Rehabilitation of coastal polder, DRR, coastal afforestation, development of climate tolerant crop variety, utilization of climate funds Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (Draft) 50-100 years Achieve long term (50-100 years) economic growth and environmental sustainability Safety from climate change related disasters Goal to reduce salt water intrusion from 40% to 30%, flood vulnerability 88 million to 60 million, cyclone vulnerability 8 million to 7 million by 2020

5. Climate Change Adaptation Policy Actions in the Coastal Areas (cont….) Name Year of formulation Key objective CC adaptation issue Coastal area specific issue Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 Pro-poor, climate resilient and low carbon development Key policy paper on climate change adaptation The needs of coastal area under 6 thematic areas

Coastal area specific issue 5.1. Sectoral Policy Actions Addressing Climate Change Policy name Year of formulation CC adaptation issue Coastal area specific issue Coastal Zone Policy 2005 √ Coastal Development Strategy 2006 National Water Policy 1999 No National Water Management Plan 2001 National Environmental Action Plan 1995 National Land Use Policy National Agricultural Policy 2013 The Fisheries Policy 1998 Environment Policy

6. Analytical Framework for BCCSAP Ten year program (2009-2018) to build the capacity and resilience of the country over the next 20-25 years Part of overall development strategy BCCSAP-Key policy document on CC issue Feasibility Gender & Equity Monitoring & Evaluation Implementation Six thematic areas: Food Security, Social Protection & Health Comprehensive Disaster Management Infrastructure Research and Knowledge Development Mitigation and Low Carbon Development Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening 44 programmes according to short, medium and long term duration

6. Analytical Framework for BCCSAP (Cont…) Needs Identification Policy incorporation into national and sectoral planning Political support and legalization Stakeholder consultation 6. 1. Feasibility Politically, socially, legally, technically feasible Findings

6. Analytical Framework for BCCSAP (Cont…) Address the needs of women and children Address the needs of coastal people Address the needs of marginal farming group 6.2. Gender & Equity 2 programs under 2 themes address the gender issue only 3 projects Formulated CC Gender Action Plan in 2013 45% adaptation projects in the coastal area Findings

6. Analytical Framework for BCCSAP (Cont…) Key implementers Funding mechanisms Capacity building Internal & external communication 3. Implementation 1. Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (300.87 m USD) 2. Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (130.28 m USD) 3. Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (110 m USD) MoEF and Bangladesh Climate Change Trust 3 major funding mechanisms 2 ADB and one USAID funded projects implemented for capacity building CC focal point in all relevant ministries National Steering Committee of CC established Findings

Projects implemented in Coastal Areas under BCCSAP (From July 2009 to June 2016) BCCTF: 45% adaptation (164 Nos.) projects implemented in the coastal areas Sl. No. Thematic Area No. of Projects Total Allocation (%) 1 Food Security, Social Protection and Health 24 14.00 2 Comprehensive Disaster Management 01 0.15 3 Infrastructure 134 84.00 4 Research and Knowledge Management 04 0.74 5 Mitigation and Low-carbon Development Not considered 6 Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening 1.11 BCCRF: Two adaptation projects implemented in the coastal areas out of 5; PPCR: 5 out o 6 adaptation projects implemented in the coastal areas.

6. Analytical Framework for BCCSAP (Cont…) Key institutions Capacity 7.4 Monitoring & Evaluation Monitoring through Project Steering committee & project implementation committee Monitoring & evaluation branch for BCCT Implementation, Monitoring & Evaluation Division for evaluation No common framework Less capacity and limited resources Findings

Conclusions Not having any sector specific needs considering vulnerability in BCCSAP Needs common secretariat to coordinate CC spent Good monitoring and evaluation systems to be put in place High degree of awareness of the climate change problem amongst all stakeholders Strong political support from all the political parties. Creating government self financed climate change fund, mainstreaming climate change into national plan and separate institutions shows the strong commitment of government

Future work Climate change adaptation policy initiatives of one developed (Netherlands) and one developing coastal country (Maldives) will be compared.

References Asia Foundation. A situation Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives in Bangladesh. 2012. GED. Seventh Five Year Plan FY 2016- FY 2020. Accelerating Growth, Empower Citizen. Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2015. Minar, M. Z., Hossain, M. B., and Shamsuddin, M. D. Climate Change and Coastal Zone of Bangladesh: Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptability. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (1): 114-120. 2013. MoEF. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009. Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka. 2009. MoEF. Second National Communication of Bangladesh to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka. 2012. MoEF. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)-Revised. Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2009. MoEF. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2015. MoWR. Coastal Zone Policy. Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Bangladesh, 2005. Rai, N., Huq, S., and Huq, M. J. Climate Resilient Planning in Bangladesh: A Review of Progress and Early Experiences of Moving from Planning to Implementation. Development in Practice, 24:4, 527-543, 2014. UNFCCC. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, United Nations, 1992

Thanks for your attention