Circulatory System By : Julian Staeheli

Functions of the circulatory system There are four vital components in the circulatory system. Respiration, nutrition and removal of waste and acids and other. Respiration: In respiration oxygen is delivered to the cells and it removes the co2 from the cells as well. This happens from the left side of the heart (which contains blood full of oxygen) blood is pumped into o the systemic circulation. It passed the aorta the (most important artery in the body). In the aorta there are numbers of arteries branching of it. The arteries become smaller and smaller vessels. Then the blood empties into the minuscule capillaries. There the oxygen from the blood is released and then the blood flows threw the capillary walls. From there Co2 leaves the tissues and into the blood. Then the blood makes the journey back to the right part of the heart. Nutrients: The digestive food is carried by the circulatory system to the cells. The nutrients enter the blood stream and is then delivered to the cells. Exercise: When we humans exercise the oxygen and glucose are converted into energy.

The Structure of the Heart Aorta Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

Difference between arteries, veins and capillaries Arteries: Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the cells. Arteries are also the largest of the three. Veins carry blood with carbon dioxide back to the heart after the oxygen is released in the cells Capillaries are only one cell wide. The capillaries connect the Veins and Arteries

The Heart’s two pumps The Heart is usually described as a pump the size of a fist. However lots of people describe it as two pumps which is entirely correct. The right side of the heart receives poor blood and then it pumps it up to the lungs where co2 is exchanged for oxygen. The left side receives blood full of oxygen and pumps it around the body so that the blood gives nutrients and oxygen to the cells then once the oxygen from the blood is gone it collects Co2 and heads for the right side of the heart and this circulation happens over and over again. This entire cycle takes just about 0.9 seconds. This is why the heart is described as a muscle which never refuses to tire. The non oxygenated Blood squeezes threw the Superior Vena Cava which leads to the Right Atrium then the blood flows into the Right Ventricle which pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery which heads for the lungs. When the blood comes back from the lungs it goes through the pulmonary vein which heads for the left atrium. Once the blood reaches the left Ventricle it gets pumped through the aorta and into its journey through the whole body.

Pulse What is your pulse? The pulse in a human is the heart rate of that person, the other definition is the number of times your heart beats in a minute. The pulse differs from person to person. The pulse is lower when the person is resting and when that person is exercising this is because when a person is exercising more oxygen-rich blood so the heart needs to work faster which makes the pulse faster. The way to record your maximum heart rate is 220 - Your Age = Predicted Maximum Heart Rate. We have a pulse because the heart pumps and the veins is where the blood is pumped to bring blood to the body and when we touch a artery we can feel the pumping of the heart.

What Blood is made of Plasma 50% Red Blood Cells 40% Sugar 5% Yellow liquid 90% Water, digestive food, vitamins, minerals, waste Some Co2 dissolves in Plasma Red Blood Cells 40% Hemoglobin in Red Blood Cells mixes with oxygen and the cell turns red Hemoglobin picks the Co2 however it dissolves in Plasma Red Blood Cells carries oxygen and delivers it to the cells Sugar 5% Plasma carries Glucose (type of sugar) Brought to the cells Then its turned into Energy Platelets 4% When a person has a cut it clots the blood Blood clot happens because blood cells get trapped in a fiber net Fibers are made from Platelets White Blood Cells 1% Disease Fighters They are larger than Red Blood Cells

Blood Types Which blood type can give their blood to other blood types. We need to know our own blood type because sharing different blood types can lead to disease and illnesses. Antibodies are what the blood type cannot have in their blood. Which Antigen are in the Blood Cells.

Blood Pressure Your blood pressure reading is 160/100   What do these two numbers mean? 160 : Systolic Pressure 100 : Diastolic Pressure The heart contracts and relaxes when it pumps blood. The blood goes through the arteries and when the heart contract and pushes blood into the arteries is called systolic pressure. Then when the heart relaxes the hearts pressure is at its lowest and this is called diastolic pressure. Blood pressure is systolic over diastolic which is red over white when measured. Stress, excitement, fear or cold can lead to high blood pressure.