Stage 15: Roman Religious Beliefs And Celts: Friend or Foe

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Presentation transcript:

Stage 15: Roman Religious Beliefs And Celts: Friend or Foe

Sacrifices & Presents to the Gods Numina Vota Lares and Penates

Sacrifices and Presents to the Gods What are some reasons ordinary citizens would offer sacrifices? What kinds of animals would be sacrificed?

Divination and omina haruspex augures

The Roman State Religion Vulcan Jupiter Juno Mercury Hephaestus Zeus Apollo Hera Hermes Apollo Aphrodite Venus Ares Mars Athena Minerva Artemis Dionysus Demeter Poseidon Diana Ceres Bacchus Neptune

The Roman State Religion College of Priests Arval Brotherhood Pontifex Maximus

Religion and Romanization Rome’s Policy on other religions Mergers Emperor worship Genius Deification Assimilation

Astrology horoscopos

Gemini Pisces Taurus Aries Leo Virgo Libra Cancer Aquarius Capricorn Scorpio Sagittarius

Celts: Friend or Foe The Romans at times tended to force their beliefs and culture upon its conquered citizens. They built a road straight through the sacred lands of the Celts just outside of Aqua Sulis When Rome invaded Britain there were two types of British rulers: those who resisted Roman rule, like Queen Boudica; and those who chose to cooperate, like Cogidubnus.

Druids The Druids put up the most resistance of all the British tribes or leaders. They were considered to be the leaders of the Celtics, but not many rulers heeded their advice to resist or be conquered.

Druids The Druids perhaps envisioned their way of life being overtaken by the Romans. Though Rome allowed freedom of religion, they did not like Druidism because of the rumored human sacrifices. So, Rome did everything it could to halt Druidic practices. The Druids fought back as best as they could, but eventually the Roman legions win.

Druids at Stonehenge

Romans defeating Druids

Wicker man created by Druids for human sacrifice

Boudica

Boudica The only warrior queen to resist the Roman supremacy. Eventually she was defeated in battle and instead of surrendering herself to the Romans, she committed suicide.

Boudica’s Statue at Westminster

Cogidubnus

Cogidubnus

Cogidubnus This king, instead of resist, decided to enjoy all that Rome offered and publically declared his loyalty to Rome. The Romans rewarded him with wealth, lands, and slaves. He dedicated a temple to honor his new allies.

Complete Workbook Exercise 15.9