Next come the Romans!*fin

Ancient Rome What other group used a Laurel wreath on their heads to show the “winner”?

Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C.– A.D. 500 SECTION 1 The Roman Republic SECTION 2 The Roman Empire SECTION 4 The Fall of the Roman Empire These are my notes for slide 2 SECTION 5 Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization Chart

The Roman Republic 509 BCE to 44 ACE The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.

How is the Mediterranean sea like a Liquid Highway for the Romans?

What makes the construction of these buildings possible, unlike those of stone, mud or wood?

The Roman Republic The Origins of Rome Rome’s Geography • Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location… On a River! • Located on Italian peninsula in center of Mediterranean Sea The First Romans • Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region • Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C. • Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization*

• Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers The Early Republic Early Rulers • Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome • Kings build Rome’s first temples and public centers • Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king In 509 B.C. Romans founded a Republic—government in which citizens elect leaders What is Plato’s famous work called?*

• Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C. Rome Spreads Its Power War with Carthage • Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C. • Rome defeats Carthage wins Sicily, (first 23-year war) • Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in Second Punic War. • He attacks Italy through Spain and France, Wins all battles but doesn’t take Rome map*

• Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C. Rome Spreads Its Power War with Carthage • Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars—three wars between 264–146 B.C. • Rome defeats Carthage wins Sicily, (first 23-year war) • Hannibal—Carthaginian general—avenges defeat in Second Punic War • He attacks Italy through Spain and France, Wins all battles but doesn’t take Rome - Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C. • Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war (149–146 B.C.)* vid?

Patricians and Plebeians The Early Republic Patricians and Plebeians • Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic • Patricians—wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power • Plebeians—artisans, merchants, and farmers; can vote, can’t rule Twelve Tables • 451 B.C. officials carve Roman law on twelve tablets • They become basis for later Roman law • Gives free citizens protection of the law • Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners What is this similar to?......*

Who saw “Gladiator”? vid The Early Republic Government Under the Republic • Rome elects two consuls—one to lead army, one to direct government • Senate—chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign, domestic policy • Democratic assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for common people • Dictators are leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis They have full power • Roman legion—military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry • Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness Who saw “Gladiator”? vid

What can you infer about Rome from this coin? Power? Gold? Govt? Language?*

The Roman Empire Section 2 The creation of the Roman Empire transforms Roman government, society, economy, and culture. NEXT

Julius Caesar Takes Control The Republic Collapses Julius Caesar Takes Control • Military leader Julius Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C. • Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity and power • Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C. “Caesar” Becomes the Roman word for Emperor… What kind of Calendar do we use? Which Month is named for Julius?*

The Republic Collapses Caesar’s Reforms • Grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor- He does a good job and is loved!........but…. (by the poor, NOT the rich or influential) • Group of senators opposes Caesar; kills him on March 15, 44 B.C. Image What is the.. “Ides of March” ?*

What Month do you think he gets? The Republic Collapses Caesar’s Reforms • Grants wider citizenship, creates jobs for poor • Group of senators opposes Caesar; Caesar is murdered on March 15, 44 B.C. Caesar’s adopted nephew, Octavian, accepts the title of Augustus, “exalted one,” and rules Rome as Caesar Augustus What Month do you think he gets? He Rules from 27 BCE Until his death in 14 ACE*

Pax Romana- the Golden Age of Rome • Under Augustus, Rome moves from Republic to Empire. • Power resides with a single ruler - Dictator. - 200 years of peace and prosperity are known as: Pax Romana “The peace of Rome” - Augustus builds, develops, funds a city clean up, beautification and improvements.- Aqueducts, baths, monuments, parks, roads and public entertainment pic - Increased the public revenue by making the taxation consistent not varying from province to province*

Augustus Caesar said on his deathbed: "I found Rome made of bricks, I leave it to you made of marble." What did he mean? Other than Taxes, where do you think Rome gets the $ to pay for all the infrastructure improvements? map*

Plunder and Trade of the Roman Empire A.D. 200 Video- Roman army in Germany 9 min*

What famous Greek building do these look like??

What makes Roman expansion possible?……… A Military. Well trained, well equipped and well controlled. The Roman legion is the most professional army of the time. This is similar to Sparta in both training and tactics… Includes Engineers, map*

Roads make travel, trade and control, possible* Is the Mediterranean an advantage, or disadvantage to the Romans? Roads make travel, trade and control, possible*

What is this building and what was it used for? pic* This is a distraction to keep the people happy*

The Fall of the Roman Empire Section 4 The Fall of the Roman Empire Internal problems and innovations spur the division and decline of the Roman Empire. NEXT

The Fall of the Roman Empire A Century of Crisis Reasons for The Empire’s Decline- • Pax Romana ends in A.D. 180 with death of emperor Marcus Aurelius (gladiator guy???) • Subsequent emperors unable to govern giant empire 1- Economy Weakens 2- Hostile tribes outside the empire disrupt trade Inflation —drop in value of money and rise in prices—weakens trade 3- Overworked soil, - food shortages 4- Underworked people – 200 holidays a year! 5- Slave labor*map

Emperors Attempt Reform Diocletian Reforms the Empire • In A.D. 284 Emperor Diocletian divides empire in two • This includes Two emperors - Greek-speaking East, Latin- speaking West • In A.D. 305 Diocletian retires, rivals compete for power MAP *

Emperors Attempt Reform Diocletian Reforms the Empire • In A.D. 284 Emperor Diocletian divides empire in two • Two emperors in Greek-speaking East, Latin- speaking West • In A.D. 305 Diocletian retires, rivals compete for power Constantine Moves the Capital • Constantine becomes emperor of the West in A.D. 312 • Seizes Eastern Empire in A.D. 324; moves Roman capital to Byzantium • Byzantium eventually renamed Constantinople—city of Constantine.* Istanbul……..

The Western Empire Crumbles Attila the Hun (Huns… remember Mulan?) • Attila—unites the Huns in A.D. 444; plunders 70 cities in Eastern Rome • Attacks Rome in 452; famine and disease prevents victory • Rome falls to Germans in 476; =end of Western Empire • Eastern half thrives for Another thousand years as the Byzantine Empire Unit 4 has the Byzantines*

Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization The Legacy of Greco-Roman Civilization A New Culture Emerges • Romans adopt Greek and Hellenistic culture this is – “Greco-Roman” culture, or classical civilization • Artists skilled in creating mosaics, painting frescoes • Pompeii—Roman town; ash from Mt. Vesuvus (volcano) eruption A.D. 79 preserves art and life in Rome for us.vid? • Latin was official language Develops into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, More than half the words in English stem from Latin*

The Rise of Christianity Section 3 The Rise of Christianity Christianity arises in Roman-occupied Judea and spreads throughout the Roman Empire. NEXT

The Rise of Christianity The Life and Teachings of Jesus • Many Jews believe a Messiah, or savior, eventually will free them Jesus of Nazareth • Jesus—a Jew born in Bethlehem (around 6 to 4 B.C.), raised in Nazareth • At 30, he begins preaching monotheism, • Reportedly performs miracles, He stresses a personal relationship with God, love for friends and enemies (same as the Golden Rule)*

• Apostles—the twelve men who are disciples (or pupils) of Jesus The Life and Teachings of Jesus A Growing Movement • Apostles—the twelve men who are disciples (or pupils) of Jesus • Jesus ignores wealth and status; his message appeals to poor • Many Jews view Jesus as the Messiah; others see him as a heretic • Roman governor Pontius Pilate sentences Jesus to be crucified • Apostles believe Jesus arose from the dead, and ascended into heaven • Christos, Greek word for “savior”; Christianity derived from “Christ”*

Christianity Spreads Through the Empire • Followers spread Christianity—new religion based on Jesus’ teachings Jewish Rebellion • Jews rebel against Rome; Romans storm Jerusalem, destroy Temple Jews driven from homeland-Result? Roman Emperor Constantine Accepts Christianity • Constantine —Roman emperor battles for control of Rome in A.D. 312 • He Had a vision of cross, Christian symbol; places on soldiers’ shields pic*

Christianity Spreads Through the Empire • Followers spread Christianity—new religion based on Jesus’ teachings Jewish Rebellion • Jews rebel against Rome; Romans storm Jerusalem, destroy Temple Jews driven from homeland-Result? Roman Emperor Constantine Accepts Christianity • Constantine —Roman emperor battles for control of Rome in A.D. 312 and has vision of cross, Christian symbol; places on soldiers’ shields. He Believes the Christian God helped him win; legalizes Christianity – He converts to Christianity. • In A.D. 380 Emperor Theodosius makes Christianity the official religion of empire Diaspora—centuries of Jewish exile (from Greek word for “dispersal”) Payback for killing Jesus*

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