Day 1: August 28, 2013 Introduction and Overview ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Day 1: August 28, 2013 Introduction and Overview Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Where I come from Physically Implement Computations Architecture Electronic Design Automation Design FPGAs Understand relative strengths and weaknesses of processors, FPGAs, custom silicon Implications of Technology Scaling Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Questions How fast can my computer run? What limits this speed? What can I do to make it run faster? How can I extend the battery life on my gadget? How much energy must my computation take? How small can I make a memory? Why does DRAM need to be refreshed? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Questions How many bits/second can I send over a link? What limits this? How do I maximize? How does technology scaling change these answers? What can I rely on technology to deliver? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Sample Problems Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

What does this circuit do? How fast does it operate? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

What’s wrong here? How fix? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Limits? Consider a 22nm technology Typical gate with W=3, 2-input NOR Use chip in cell phone What prevents us from running 1 billion transistor chip at 10GHz? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Impact of Voltage? If have a chip running at 1GHz with a 1V power supply dissipating 1W. What happens if we cut the power supply to 500mV? Speed? Power? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Outline Motivating Questions What this course is about Objectives What you need to know Structure Policies Content Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Deconstruction Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Look below the gates …transistors, resistance, capacitance, inductance… Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Abstract and predict Create Make efficient (fast,low energy,small) Compute, store, transmit binary values (0s, 1s) Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

What course is about Modeling and abstraction Predict circuit behavior Well enough to know our design will work …with specific properties Speed, energy, …. Well enough to reason about design and optimization What knob can I turn to make faster? How much faster can I expect to make it? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

What course is about Modeling and abstraction Back-of-the-envelope Simple enough to reason about …without a calculator… Sensitive to phenomenology Able to think through the details With computer assistance …understanding even that is a simplified approximation Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

You are here. CIS120 CIS380 CIS240 CIS371, ESE534 ESE170 (ESE200) Phys151 Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Objectives Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

You will learn disciplines for robust digital logic and signaling (e.g., restoration, clocking) where delay, energy, area, and noise arises in gates, memory, and interconnect how to model these physical effects back-of-the-envelope design (e.g. RC and Elmore delay) detailed simulation (e.g. SPICE) Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

You will learn the nature of tradeoffs in optimization Among delay, energy, area, noise how to design and optimize logic, memory, and interconnect structures at the gate, transistor, and wire level how technology scales and its impact on digital circuits and computer systems Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

coming in to this course What you Need to Know coming in to this course Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

What you need to know See pages linked from course page CIS170 ESE215 Gates, Boolean logic, DeMorgan’s, optimization ESE215 RLC circuit analysis Diagnostic Quiz next time – end of class Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Review Session Poll Will work? Tonight (wed) 8pm? Thursday 6pm? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Structure Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Structure MWF Lecture Reading from text 4 lecture periods  Lab 3 Detkin See phenomena first hand before simulate 1 Ketterer  SPICE Intro Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Class Better if interactive, everyone engaged Three things Asking and answering questions Actively thinking about material Three things Preclass exercises Work during ~5 minutes before lecture starts Prime for topic of the day Ask questions of individuals…everyone Daily feedback sheets Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

SPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis Industry standard analog circuit simulator Non-linear, differential equation solver specialized for circuits Integrated circuits – simply impractical to build to debug Must simulate to optimize/validate design Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Structures Homeworks – week long (8 total) [25%] Mostly due Thursday  want you awake in class Friday Projects – two weeks long (2 total) [30%] Design oriented On two main topics Computation Storage Two midterms [20%] Final [25%] Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Admin Won’t bring printouts to class Use course calendar Lectures online before class (most of the time) Homeworks linked Homework 1 out now Reading specified Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Policies Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Policies See web page for details Turnin homework on canvas No handwritten homework Use CAD Tools for circuit drawings Late homework penalty (10%/day) Individual work (HW & Project) CAD drawings, simulations, analysis, writeups May discuss strategies, but must acknowledge Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Content Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Content Logic (Computation) [8 weeks] Storage [2 weeks] Combinational Sequential Storage [2 weeks] Communication [3 weeks] Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Content Logic Transistors  Gates In Lab: build gate, measure delay, restore Restoration Delay Area (no layout  ESE570) Energy Synchronous (flip-flops, clocking, dynamic) Project: fast ripple-carry adder Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Content Memory No Lab component RAM Organization Driving Large Capacitances Signal amplification/restoration Project: design a SRAM Register File Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Content Communication In Lab Noise Transmission Lines Measure inductive ground bounce, crosstalk Experiment with transmissions lines, termination Noise Crosstalk Inductive Ionizing particles, shot Transmission Lines Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Advice Course is hard (but valuable) Should be thinking about this material every day Must read text Learning is spread over all components Lecture, reading, homeworks, projects, exams Must be able to get quantitative answers to get an A (maybe even for B) Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon

Wrapup Admin Big Ideas / takeaway Diagnostic Quiz next time Find web, get text, assigned reading… http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~ese370 Piazza https://piazza.com/upenn/fall2013/ese370/home Big Ideas / takeaway Model to enable design Diagnostic Quiz next time Review as needed Remaining Questions? Penn ESE370 Fall2013 -- DeHon