Cell Organelles 7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole

Cell Membrane Structure: Flexible Membrane with small holes, Surrounds cells (outside layer for animal cells, just inside cell wall for plants)

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Cell Membrane Function: Controls what goes in and out of cell (transports material) & Holds in cytoplasm Analogy: It is like the bright orange flexible fencing around construction sites because it protects the work site while still allowing things to go through. Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Ribosomes Structure: are free in the cytoplasm and often attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. 

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Ribosomes Function: Protein production for the Cell Analogy: a factory that makes proteins Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Cytoplasm Structure: Gel-like fluid made mostly of water The material inside the membrane

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Cytoplasm Function: Holds organelles keeps cell flexible maintains shape of cell Analogy: It is like the water in a swimming pool because all the stuff that happens in the pool happens in the water. The water supports the swimmer like cytoplasm supports organelles Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Mitochondria Structure: Bean shape with many layers inside

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Mitochondria Function: Transforms energy (from nutrients and Oxygen) for cells to use Analogy: Mitochondria act like a power plant because they both transform other materials to make energy. Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Nucleus Structure: Large and round, will usually be located towards the middle of the cell. Membrane bound (eukaryotic)

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Nucleus Function: Contains genetic material (DNA), controls cellular activities Analogy: The nucleus is like the brain of a human because the brain controls the actions of the body like the nucleus controls the cell. Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: Flat, folded membrane, usually around the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Makes proteins for the cell. Internal delivery system. Analogy: ER is like a factory that produces goods and ships what they have made.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER –  is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch. It is called ‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes Smooth ER -  storage and metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis and transport of lipids

Golgi Body Structure: Stacked membranes

Golgi Body Function: Packages and delivers materials made from ER. In plants, the Golgi made cell wall material. Analogy: Golgi bodies are like FedEx because they package and ship materials around and out of cell.

Lysosome Structure: small and round, usually more found in animal cells. Can move within cells.

Lysosome Function: Digestion of cellular waste. Recycles old cell material to make new molecules. Analogy: Lysosomes are like your digestive system because both can break apart larger materials to make new molecules.

Vacuole Structure: small and round in animal cells, usually a single large bag-like structure in plants

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Vacuole Function: stores water and nutrients, aids(helps) in cellular digestion. In plants it works with the cell wall for cell support (turgor pressure). Analogy: A canteen is like a vacuole because both are used to store water. Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Chloroplast Structure: green, bean shaped – found only in plant cells

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Chloroplast Only in plant cells! Function: contains chlorophyll that makes photosynthesis possible Analogy: Kitchens are like chloroplast because both make “food” for organisms. Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

Cell Wall Structure: rigid material that forms the outer layer of plant cells.

Plant Cell  Animal Cell  Cell Wall Only in plant cells! Function: gives plant cells support and protects cell’s interior. Analogy: Walls of a building are like a cell wall because both are used for support. Plant Cell  Animal Cell 

So Which is Which and Why? In your science journal write a few sentences about how you can identify different organelles and types of cells.