President Andrew Johnson

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President Andrew Johnson Objective: To analyze the importance of the presidency of Andrew Johnson. Do Now: p. 519 How is Pres. Johnson’s reconstruction plan similar to Lincoln’s 10% Plan and Congress’ Wade-Davis Bill? President Andrew Johnson

President Andrew Johnson Jacksonian Democrat. Anti-Aristocrat. White Supremacist. Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union. Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!

President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000 (they could apply directly to Johnson) In new constitutions, they must accept minimum conditions repudiating slavery, secession and state debts. Named provisional governors in Confederate states and called them to oversee elections for constitutional conventions. 1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates. 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations. EFFECTS? 3. Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!

President Andrew Johnson Pres. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan: · Vice-President Andrew Johnson became President after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Pres. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan: I. The majority of voters in each Southern state must pledge their loyalty to the U.S…. II. …and each state must ratify (approve) the Thirteenth Amendment. The Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery, was ratified on Dec.6, 1865

“Andrew Johnson Mends the Union”

Growing Northern Alarm! Many Southern state constitutions fell short of minimum requirements. Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons. Revival of southern defiance. BLACK CODES

Black Codes Purpose: Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated. Restore pre-emancipation system of race relations. Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

Black Codes - laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen. …serving on juries. …voting. African-Americans were forbidden from… …running for political office. …owning guns.

"Black Codes" of Mississippi – 1865 Section 3. …it shall not be lawful for any freedman, free negro or mulatto to intermarry with any white person; nor for any person to intermarry with any freedman, free negro or mulatto; and any person who shall so intermarry shall be deemed guilty of felony, and on conviction thereof shall be confined in the State penitentiary for life; Section 5. Every freedman, free negro and mulatto shall…have a lawful home or employment, and shall have written evidence thereof…if living in any incorporated city, town, or village, a license from that mayor thereof; and if living outside of an incorporated city, town, or village, from the member of the board of police of his beat, …which license may be revoked for cause at any time by the authority granting the same. Section 6. All contracts for labor made with freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes for a longer period than one month shall be in writing…and if the laborer shall quit the service of the employer before the expiration of his term of service, without good cause, he shall forfeit his wages for that year up to the time of quitting.

Harper’s Weekly, October 3, 1868 “The Modern Samson” Harper’s Weekly, October 3, 1868

Radical Republicans - members of the Republican party that believed that Pres. Johnson was too lenient on the South.