By Mtra. Lina Cruz Ortega X Passive Voice By Mtra. Lina Cruz Ortega What it is? Form Structure Uses The Agent All tenses

What is Active Voice? It’s the grammatical voice that describes the performer of the action. The most important thing in the active voice is the person who does the action. Example: Christopher columbus discovered América in 1492 Subject Verb Complement Direct Object

What is Passive Voice? It’s the gramatical voice that focus on the object and not the person who does the action. The most important thing is the action. We usually don’t know or are interested in who does the action. Sometimes it is obvious.

Example: AV: Christopher C. discovered America in 1492. Subject Verb Direct Object PV: America was discovered by Christopher C. in .. Subjec + Verb (BE + PAST PARTICIPLE) + Agent

How is it formed? The Passive Voice is formed with the Auxiliary BE + the main verb in past participle. Verb Tense Auxiliary BE Past Participle Present Simple am / is / are written Past Simple was / were

Examples: They sell guitars. Guitars are sold. They sold guitars Tense Active Sentence Passive Sentence Present S. They sell guitars. Guitars are sold. Past S. They sold guitars Guitars were sold Tense Active Sentence Passive Sentence Present S. Anna deletes the song. The song is deleted by Anna Past S. Anna deleted the song. The song was deleted by Anna.

The Agent (by…) It is used when it’s important to know who does/did the action and only when it adds new or important information. AV: Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet. PV: Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare. In this case, the agent is important .

When do I omit the Agent? When it is not important or it is obvious who does / did the action. If we find words such as people, someone, somebody, he, she, it, or they, we don’t write the agent. AV: People grow rice in Japan. PV: Rice is grown in Japan.

How do I change an Active Sentence into a Passive Sentence? 1) If the sentence has a Direct Object it can be transformed. Direct Object = What? + Verb  A thing My father bought a car last year. What did he buy?  a car A car was bought by my father last year.

How do I change an Active Sentence into a Passive Sentence? 2) If the sentence has an Indirect Object it can be transformed, too. Indirect Object = Whom? + Verb  A person He invites Liz to dance every Friday. Whom does he invite?  Liz Liz is invited to dance every Friday.

Sentences with Indirect Objects: AV: Mr. Stone teaches Liz on Fridays. PV: Liz is taught by Mr. Stone on Fridays. AV: She gave me a present yesterday. PV: I was given a present yesterday. Me  I You  You Him  He Her  She It  It Us  We Them  They

Important!!! If the sentence doesn’t have a direct object or an indirect object, it cannot be changed into passive voice. Sue walk slowly to her home. Beth looks beautiful in her red dress. People usually wake up late on the weekend. These sentences cannot be changed.

When do I use Passive Voice? When the subject is unknown, obvious, it’s not important or to give information. The building was vandalized. The flowers were delivered on time. The roads were fixed quickly. The airplane was invented in the early 20th century.

When do I use Passive Voice? To add sentence variety. He did A. Then he did B. After that he did C. He did A. C wasn’t done until he had completed B.

When do I use Passive Voice? To shift the focus of the subject and make the reader follow your ideas easily. Coca-cola was invented by a pharmacist named John Pemberton. His original recipe contained cocaine, which is why the drink was named Coca-cola. Today, Coca-cola is a global Brand that is consumed by millions of people.

Example of an obituary Maya Angelou was born on April 4th, 1928 in St. Louis Missouri, U.S. She was known around the world as a powerful writer and civil rights activist. Her books and poems were read by millions of people. In the early years, Maya Angelou was raised by her grandmother. When she got older, she was returned to her birth mother. Even though she didn’t go to university, she was awarded many honorary degrees.

Example of an obituary Her wise lectures were enjoyed by many students on graduation day, and her positive attitude was appreciated by many world leaders and figureheads. Maya Angelou was invited to speak at President Clinton’s inauguration and was often cited as Oprah Winfrey’s mentor. A number of articles, tributes and tweets were written about this inspiring woman after she died on May 28, 2014. She was 86 years old.

PASSIVE VOICE IN ALL T ENSES Active voice Passive voice Present Simple He paints the house. The house is painted. Past Simple He painted the house. The house was painted. Present Progressive He is painting the house. The house is being painted. Past Progressive He was painting the house. The house was being painted. Simple Future He will paint the house. The house will be painted. Future (Be going to) He is going to paint the house The house is going to be painted. Present Perfect He has painted the house. The house has been painted. Past Perfect He had painted the house. The house had been painted. Modals He may paint the house. The house may be painted. He should paint the house. The house should be painted. He has to paint the house. The house has to be painted.

am being, is being, are being Tenses Verb to BE (auxiliaries) Present Simple am, is, are + a verb in past participle Past Simple was / were Present Progressive am being, is being, are being Past Progressive was being, were being Future simple will be Future (be going to) am going to be, is going to be, are going to be Present Perfect have been / has been Past Perfect had been can be could be Modals should be must be has to be may be might be