Jimena Govea Julie Franks Glucosamine Jimena Govea Julie Franks

2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose Amino monosaccharide Amino acid in the body made from glucose and the amino acid glutamine. Fluid around joints. C6H13NO5

What is it used for? Benefits! Used for formation and repair of cartilage and tendons found in joints. Rebuilds Repairs May Prevent osteoarthritis Most common joint pain in adults. As we said before the body makes glucosamine naturally but due to 1. wear and tear of the joints of physical activity 2. and with age the body at one point can stop making it or the process slows down so taking it in a supplement helps maintain glucosamine levels in the joints to avoid pain associated with osteoarthritis.

Sources Food (limited) Body Laboratory Nutritional Supplements Drug stores Health food stores Consuming cartilage based foods will give you some glucosamine, its not very common though. Ex: cow heel or pig feet. Your body makes it Can be produced in a lab from chitin that is found in shell fish, crab, lobster, and other sea creatures. May also be found in sport drinks but in such low amounts that it may not make a significant difference. Supplements can be obtained in drugs stores or health food stores those are usually man made. Creams

Dosage Best when paired with Chondroitin Liquid Capsule Most recommended Capsule Amount 1500 mg/day 500 mg 3x/day Combined with chondroitin. Well balanced diet Glucosamine is most effective when paired with chondroitin, which is another form of joint tissue found in animals Most over the forms are offered as a combination of the two Liquid form is recommended because it acts faster and the body absorbs it faster than in the capsule form. Unlimited, you don’t have to take it for a certain period (no loading period) its just something you can take on a daily basis for preventative reasons and avoid and help current and future joint pain. Chondroitin is another form of joint tissue found in animals

SAFE?! SAFE!! Not illegal Not banned It is safe to consume on a daily basis. However, in Europe and most other countries it is considered a drug and in the United states it is considered a supplement and so it is not FDA approved. It is not banned from any athletic associations.

How much is TOO much? No well known toxic level Short term side effects Mild GI discomfort Nausea Drowsiness Headache Insomnia Other side effects: don’t take it if your are allergic to shell fish, if you are taking any blood thinning medicine shouldn’t take it if you are pregnant but that is not conclusive. Diabetic, due to a raise in blood glucose levels

Clayton South It is a building block for cartilage Absorbed into the body at a rate much more effective than other "joint-healers". Stimulates production of additional synovial fluid and helps keep joints in the body rolling smoothly. Those who suffer from arthritis and joint pain benefit from glucosamine as well as athletes and bodybuilders. Deficiency is not yet found in humans No toxicity cases have been reported.

Turkish Journal of Medicine and Rehabilitation 2012 Subjet: Study done on subjects with knee pain due to osteoarthritis Method: Physical therapy + glucosamine cream Results: Cream was more effective when used for shorter periods of time Recommeneded for low/mild joint pain (Oral: was better for moderate/severe joint pain) Cream not as affective: harder to absorb into body In a study done in 2012 in a Turkish Journal of physical Medicine and Rehabilitation there were two study groups. Both groups had knee pain due to osteoarthritis. One group had physical therapy along with glucosamine cream that had to be used daily. They had to use four tubes throughout the study and the dosage was 215 mg per day. The placebo group had physical therapy as well and they used a placebo cream that was the same color, had the same odor, and same consistency. Both groups did the same exercised which consisted of leg extensions, quadriceps isometric strengthening exercises, and range of motion exercises. The subjects were evaluated pre-treatment, after 1,4, and 12 weeks to see what benefits each treatment had. After week one and four the group who had the treatment with physical therapy along with the glucosamine cream had less pain and stiffness in their knees. However, after the 12th week both groups experienced the same results. This study concluded that glucosamine cream works better for a shorter period of time as opposed to taking glucosamine orally. Cream is recommended for low and mild joint pain and taking a glucosamine supplement orally would benefit those who have moderate to severe joint pain and it will help you in the long run. The cream is not as affective because it is harder for the body to absorb it as opposed to taking orally.

Research in Sports Medicine 2007 Subject: The use of glucosamine in aiding in recovery for acute knee injury Method: 106 male athletes consumed 1500mg/day of glucosamine for 28 days Assessed after 7,14,21, and 28 days Results: NO significant difference after 21 days with regards to swelling and pain The group taking the glucosamine: Greater range of motion More knee flexion and extension Performance improved Research in Sports Medicine did a study in 2007 about glucosamine for recovery of acute knee injury. The study used 106 male athletes as their subjects. Each athlete had to consume the recommended dosage of 1500 mg per day for 28 days. The group was split into two groups, one taking the experimental glucosamine, and the other a placebo. The subjects were assessed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment. After 7, 14, and 21 days of taking glucosamine there was no significant difference between the two groups in pain and swelling of the knees. After 28 days of treatment the group that was taking the glucosamine had more range of motion in the knee and they had more flexion and extension of the knee allowing them to perform better than those who were only taking the placebo. Even though this study contradicts a lot of research that shows that glucosamine in fact works, the study states that they needed to conduct the study for a longer period of time to get more accurate results. 2007 Recovery of acute knee injury. Assessed after 7, 14, & 21 days No significant difference after 21 days with regards to swelling and pain. After 28 days the subjects with glucosamine had more range of motion, flexion, and extension. Performance improved

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Recommendations Recommended for any athlete and general population Yes we would recommend this! Athletes usually train everyday and there is a lot of impact on the joints. Which can diminish the fluid and cartilage around joints. This would benefit any athlete from endurance athletes, to body builders. Even the general population. Yes I would try it, I have a lot of joint pain from being in a car accident im curious to see if it ACTUALLY works.