WHO WAS GANDHI? People WHO WAS GANDHI? People      Mohandas Gandhi began life as an ordinary Indian boy. He was not the best student, and he was not particularly popular. Extremely shy, he ran home from school every day because he was worried the other children would make fun of him. He was weak and skinny. Like many kids, he was afraid of the dark.      Gandhi and his family were deeply religious Hindus. Although their religion held that Hindus should not eat meat, Gandhilet a friend tempt him into eating it so he could become stronger. He knew he was doing something wrong and he felt awful about it. Eventually, he became a devout vegetarian.      As a boy, Gandhi was not perfect. He once stole some gold! His conscience bothered him so much that he went to his father and confessed what he had done. He expected to be punished severely. Instead, Gandhi's father forgave him. His father's kindness impressed Gandhi so much he never forgot the gesture, nor did he forget the power of forgiveness. He never stole again. WHO WAS GANDHI? People      Mohandas Gandhi began life as an ordinary Indian boy. He was not the best student, and he was not particularly popular. Extremely shy, he ran home from school every day because he was worried the other children would make fun of him. He was weak and skinny. Like many kids, he was afraid of the dark.      Gandhi and his family were deeply religious Hindus. Although their religion held that Hindus should not eat meat, Gandhilet a friend tempt him into eating it so he could become stronger. He knew he was doing something wrong and he felt awful about it. Eventually, he became a devout vegetarian.      As a boy, Gandhi was not perfect. He once stole some gold! His conscience bothered him so much that he went to his father and confessed what he had done. He expected to be punished severely. Instead, Gandhi's father forgave him. His father's kindness impressed Gandhi so much he never forgot the gesture, nor did he forget the power of forgiveness. He never stole again.

Medicine and Inoculation About 1000 BC, doctors in northern India wrote the Atharva veda, a medical textbook explaining how to treat diseases. Like Egyptian medical texts a little earlier, the Atharva veda says that diseases are caused by bad spirits. You treat the disease by killing the spirits with poisons or spells. Manuscript from an India medical book In ancient times in India smallpox was prevented through the tikah (inoculation). Kurt Pollak (1968) writes, "preventive inoculation against the smallpox, which was practiced in China from the 11th century, apparently came from India". This inoculation process was generally practiced in large part of Northern and Southern India, but around 1803-04 the British government banned this process. Medicine and Inoculation About 1000 BC, doctors in northern India wrote the Atharva veda, a medical textbook explaining how to treat diseases. Like Egyptian medical texts a little earlier, the Atharva veda says that diseases are caused by bad spirits. You treat the disease by killing the spirits with poisons or spells. Manuscript from an India medical book In ancient times in India smallpox was prevented through the tikah (inoculation). Kurt Pollak (1968) writes, "preventive inoculation against the smallpox, which was practiced in China from the 11th century, apparently came from India". This inoculation process was generally practiced in large part of Northern and Southern India, but around 1803-04 the British government banned this process.

Mathematics in Ancient India Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BC until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 AD to 1200 AD), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II. The decimal number system in use today was first recorded in Indian mathematics. Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra. In addition, trigonometry was further advanced in India, and, in particular, the modern definitions of sine and cosine were developed there. These mathematical concepts were transmitted to the Middle East, China, and Europe and led to further developments that now form the foundations of many areas of mathematics. Mathematics in Ancient India Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BC until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 AD to 1200 AD), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II. The decimal number system in use today was first recorded in Indian mathematics. Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra. In addition, trigonometry was further advanced in India, and, in particular, the modern definitions of sine and cosine were developed there. These mathematical concepts were transmitted to the Middle East, China, and Europe and led to further developments that now form the foundations of many areas of mathematics.

India’s Architecture Indian architecture is that vast tapestry of production of the Indian Subcontinent that encompasses a multitude of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to the sub-continent, sometimes destroying, but most of the time absorbing. The result is an evolving range of architectural production that none the less retains a certain amount of continuity across history. The Ajanta Caves in India are 29 rock-cut cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE. The caves include paintings and sculptures considered to be masterpieces of both Buddhist religious art (which depict the Jataka tales) as well as frescos which are reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka. The caves were built in two phases starting around 200 BCE, with the second group of caves built around 600 CE. Since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The caves are located in the Indian state of Maharashtra, near Jalgaon, just outside the village of Ajintha. Caves are only about 59 kilometers from Jalgaon Railway station (on Delhi - Mumbai, Rail line of the Central railways, India); and 104 kilometers from Aurangabad (from Ellora Caves 100 Kilometers).

India’s Architecture Indian architecture is that vast tapestry of production of the Indian Subcontinent that encompasses a multitude of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to the sub-continent, sometimes destroying, but most of the time absorbing. The result is an evolving range of architectural production that none the less retains a certain amount of continuity across history. The Ajanta Caves in India are 29 rock-cut cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE. The caves include paintings and sculptures considered to be masterpieces of both Buddhist religious art (which depict the Jataka tales) as well as frescos which are reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka. The caves were built in two phases starting around 200 BCE, with the second group of caves built around 600 CE. Since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The caves are located in the Indian state of Maharashtra, near Jalgaon, just outside the village of Ajintha. Caves are only about 59 kilometers from Jalgaon Railway station (on Delhi - Mumbai, Rail line of the Central railways, India); and 104 kilometers from Aurangabad (from Ellora Caves 100 Kilometers).

India/Religion use page 160 India/Religion use page 160 Many Indian laws and the enforcement of certain laws are greatly influenced by the beliefs and standards of Hinduism. Though capital punishment is part of the law in India, it is rarely used because of the belief in Hinduism that violence and killing is not acceptable. According to the law, the death penalty should only be used in the most extreme of cases and is not the immediate sentence of one who actually deserves capital punishment. Hinduism also influences the laws on the treatment of animals. Hindus believe that the cow is a holy animal and therefore, would never partake in any beef-based foods. Because of this, Indian law bans the killing of cows. The customs of Indian life are also influenced by the Hindu religion. The concept of hierarchical relationships are practiced in Hinduism and as a result, the caste system is very evident in Indian culture. It is something that is thought to keep social order. Therefore, social classes are always observed, most seen between the poor and the wealthy. People are also essentially bound to the social class they were born into. * Hinduism is the 3rd largest religion world-wide. 900 million followers with the vast majority in India. India/Religion use page 160 Many Indian laws and the enforcement of certain laws are greatly influenced by the beliefs and standards of Hinduism. Though capital punishment is part of the law in India, it is rarely used because of the belief in Hinduism that violence and killing is not acceptable. According to the law, the death penalty should only be used in the most extreme of cases and is not the immediate sentence of one who actually deserves capital punishment. Hinduism also influences the laws on the treatment of animals. Hindus believe that the cow is a holy animal and therefore, would never partake in any beef-based foods. Because of this, Indian law bans the killing of cows. The customs of Indian life are also influenced by the Hindu religion. The concept of hierarchical relationships are practiced in Hinduism and as a result, the caste system is very evident in Indian culture. It is something that is thought to keep social order. Therefore, social classes are always observed, most seen between the poor and the wealthy. People are also essentially bound to the social class they were born into. * Hinduism is the 3rd largest religion world-wide. 900 million followers with the vast majority in India.