Reinvigorating Science Technology and Innovation Collaboration between Indonesia and China to Support Sustainable Economic Growth By Ary Syahriar, Jusman Syafii Djamal, Ahmad Husin Lubis Faculty of Science and Technology, University al Azhar Indonesia Jakarta

Indonesia Brief Globalization and Innovation have changed the constellation of the world’s geostrategic economy Indonesia – the only ASEAN country to be selected as a member of the G20 Indonesia has the comparative advantage as the only maritime continent in the world, with about 13,000 islands and 70% surrounded by the sea, which covers a total area of about 5.8 million km 2 of sea water. What does it mean, a maritime continent located in the equator It has the richest biodiversity of combined marine and terrestrial organisms. From energy point of view: Indonesia is abundant in resources of renewable energy, such as wind, solar, a variety of bio energy sources, geothermal (the largest reservoir in the world, due to its location near the Ring of Fire belt), tidal wave, etc.

Indonesia Maritime Continent (IMC) Biodiversity Resources - Indonesia is the second largest country in biodiversity resources after Brazil, including resources for vaccine development. Marine Biota Resources Potential - Storage of protein (fish, shrimp, seaweed, etc.) Renewable Energy Resources Potential - Hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, etc.

What is Going On

ASEAN Economy

Indonesian Competitiveness Index 2017

G20 on Innovation

Vision 2025

One Belt One Road 14

Benefits of One Belt, One Road 15  Strengthen connections across countries  Freer movement of goods and talents  Learning more advanced and efficient management know-how  Broader markets for all, which will lead to finer specialization and higher efficiency  Open and fair competition will enhance efficiency  Returns to capital to be improved

OBOR Economic Dimension 1. Aspects of cooperation:  Transportation  Infrastructure development  Trade and investment  Energy and natural resources  Financial security Principles of cooperation:  Mutual trust  Mutual benefits  Mutual learning  Inclusiveness  Equality

Indonesia: Innovation Initiative One percent (1%) of the GDP for R&D in 2020 Seven steps to improve the ecosystem of innovation to boost innovations (funding, leadership, culture, and policy); Four models of innovation based industrialization vehicle to accelerate economic growth; (1. Basic Needs Industry, 2. Creative Industry, 3. Regional-based Industry, 4. Strategic Industry) Seven targets of Indonesian vision 2025, towards a sustainable development of Indonesia

Possible Collaboration One of the interesting topic to be collaborated between the two countries is in the field of Science, Technology and Innovations. The question of scientific and technological development in Indonesia has a central role in the general debate on the country’s economic development strategy, whether in policy-oriented discussions, in academic consideration or in discussions in the public and political arena.

Possible Collaboration Technology has also been a crucial factor in determining long-distance trade & exchanges – first the harnessing of horses and camels provided the basis for overland silk road expansion, later improvements in navigation technologies allowed sea faring and ocean going to move bulkier goods and larger number of travelers across great distance, and railways and airplanes are yet to revolutionize the silk road connectivity. The silk road is about connectivity - starting from physical connectivity to economic, political, social, cultural connectivity that could & will be culminated in information connectivity and cultural empathy. Therefore cultural approach in such wide collaborations also become crucial to enhance both countries strong ties in the spirit of win-win condition for both economic advancement.

Conclusion The collaboration on the development of STI from research topics up to the Innovation policy to benefit Indonesia and China relationship is crucial. China has a huge and very long golden history experiences in STI development that can be adopted partly by Indonesia to establish its sustainable economic growth. On the other hand, China can benefit from the Indonesia economic development to get better access and creating new STI by using Indonesian various biodiversity and geographic position to further expand its economic and culture development as the only Maritime Continent in the World.