By T.G.N.C.VAMSI KRISHNA. 171FB M.tech – Civil.

 A structure built to span and provide passage over a river, chasm, road or any other physical hurdle. The function required from the bridge and the area where it is constructed decides the design of the bridge.

 DECK SLAB  BEARINGS  PIERS  ABUTMENTS  RETAINING WALLS  FOUNDATION

 Arch Bridge  Girder Bridge  Truss Bridge  Suspension Bridge

 Timber Bridge  Masonry Bridge  Steel Bridge  R.C.C. Bridge  Pre stressed concrete Bridge

 Culvert Bridge  Minor Bridge  Major Bridge  Long span Bridge

 Over Bridge  Under Bridge

 Foot Bridge  Highway Bridge  Railway Bridge  Aqueduct Bridge  Road cum Railway Bridge

 Simple Bridge  Continuous Bridge  Cantilever Bridge

 Temporary Bridge  Permanent Bridge

 Low level Bridge  High level Bridge

All the detailing's of deck slab is adopted from MOST DRG NO. BD/2-74,BD/2-74A

 Pin Bearing  Roller Bearing  Rocker Bearing  Metal sliding bearings

 Typical cross-section shapes of piers for over crossings on land  Typical cross-section shapes of piers for river and waterway crossings

 Typical pier types for steel bridges  Typical pier types and configurations for river and waterway crossings  Typical pier types for concrete bridges

Longitudinal section of pier Cross section of pier m MFL 1.700MFD DBL

Longitudinal reinforcement Provide 20mm diameter bars 62nos in straight portion. Provide 20mm diameter bars 28nos in semi circular portion. Transverse reinforcement Provide 10mm diameter bars lateral ties at 200mm C/C.

 Stub Abutments  Semi-Stub Abutments  Partial-Depth Abutments  Full-Depth Abutments  Integral Abutments

 Gravity Abutment with Wing Walls  U Abutment  Spill Through Abutment  Pile Bent Abutment

 GRAVITY WALL  COUNTER FORT RETAINING WALL  SHEET PILING  BORED PILING  ANCHORED  PRE-CAST CRIB WALLS  MSE WALLS (MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH)  SLURRY SECANT WALLS  SOIL NAILING  GABBION WALLS

 GRAVITY RETAINING WALL  COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL  SHEET PILING  PRE-CAST CRIB WALLS  ANCHORED  GABBION WALLS  MSER WALLS  SECANT PILE WALLS

 Shallow Foundations  Deep Foundations

 SPREAD FOUNDATION  COMBINED FOUNDATION  STEPPED FOUNDATION  MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION

 Pile Foundation  Well Foundation

 In this project traffic survey was conducted to know the hourly Passenger Car Unit (HPCU) at the site of bridge. From survey the value of HPCU of the bridge is 2500, by considering future taking the design period of 10 years, the value of HPCU is found From the above result it is proposed to be a FOUR LANE BRIDGE.  In this grade separator the main components consists of Deck slab, longitudinal girder, Cross girder, bearing plate, Pier and Foundation. The geometric design of the grade separator was done by using IRC Code Books.  The Deck slab is designed by using IRC: codal provisions.

 Design of reinforced concrete structures by B.C.Punmia & Jain.  D.JOHNSON VICTOR, Essentials of Bridge Engineering Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.  IS:1893 (part III) : 2000 (Design code for wind load calculations).  IS: (Design code for reinforced concrete structures).  Advance reinforced concrete structures by N.Krishnam Raju  Structural Design and Detailing as per IS:456:2000 by N. Krishnam Raju.  Design of Reinforced concrete structures by S.S.Bhavikatti.  IRC: (Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Road Bridges. SECTION-I general features and design).  IRC: (Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Road Bridges. SECTION-II. loads and stresses).  IRC: (Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Road Bridges SECTION:III cement concrete (plain and reinforced).  IRC: (Standard Specifications and code of Practice for Road Bridges SECTION:VII foundations and substructure).