Chapter 9 NATION BUILDING AND NATIONIONALISM
North America, 1819
Revolution in Transportation Madison and Calhoun called for “internal improvements” Improve the transportation network Roads, turnpikes (toll roads), canals
Waltham-Lowell System Mechanized cotton mill where all stages of production done under one roof Employees lived in company housing (dorms), away from home and family Most were young, unmarried women (Lowell girls/mill girls)
Spinning Mule
Spinning Jenny
Textile Mill Boarding House in Lowell, Massachusetts
Republicans in Power Republicans adopted some Federalist ideas Henry Clay’s American System, 1816 High tariffs to protect industries Second Bank of the U.S. Federal aid for internal improvements
The Election of 1816: The “Era of Good Feelings”
The Election of 1820
The Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri admitted as slave state Maine admitted as free state Slavery banned in future state above the latitude of 36o30’
Missouri Compromise Exposed sectional divisions over slavery as US territory expanded Creation of a geographical line that divides the nation South worried that free states would come to outnumber slave states, which could lead to the elimination of slavery
Slave Revolt: Vesey Conspiracy 1822– free black man Denmark Vesey in South Carolina planned to seize local armories, arm slave population, take Charleston Authorities found out, charged 131 men with conspiracy 67 convicted, 35 hanged
The Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821
The Supreme Court John Marshall– Chief Justice, 1801-1835 Broadened powers of federal government at the expense of states Encouraged growth of a national economy
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Implied powers doctrine Based on Necessary + Proper Clause of Constitution States cannot tax or regulate federal agencies Based on Supremacy Clause of Constitution National government not subject to regulation by states Actions of national government supreme over state actions
Foreign Policy “Grand Alliance” of Europe saw Latin American revolts as threat to colonial rule Monroe persuaded by John Quincy Adams that U.S. must protect Latin American independence Monroe Doctrine, 1823 U.S. opposed European expansion to the Western Hemisphere Expression of nationalism