PUMP UP YOUR VOCABULARY! VOCAB LESSON 5 PUMP UP YOUR VOCABULARY! Complete your vocab chart and submit it on the day of the quiz next week. Don’t forget the midterm is Mon. Jan 26—STUDY!!!

GOALS: 1) Evaluate word meanings and relationships GOALS: 1) Evaluate word meanings and relationships. 2) Accountable talk (Think-pair-share, Questions, Responses, Hints)

ALTRUISTIC Def: (adj.) unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others. Syn: selfless Ant: selfish, self-centered Sent: Although he was not truly altruistic, he thought that participating in community service would look good on his college application, so he volunteered at the local food bank.

ASSENT Def: (v) to express agreement; (n) agreement Syn: concur, consent, accede Ant: disagree, differ, dissent Sent: I know you thought that I would lend you the money to begin your designer cupcake business , but I would never assent to such a risky financial proposition. Common phrase: “nod of assent”

BENEFACTOR Def: (n) one who does good to others, usually financially benefiting another person, group or entity Syn: patron, humanitarian Ant: misanthrope, malefactor Sent: Bill Gates, the founder of software giant Microsoft, is one of the most significant benefactors in the world, donating over three billion dollars to medical research to cure deadly diseases and to provide vaccination to help prevent the spread of dangerous viruses. Common phrase: “an anonymous benefactor”

Think-Pair-Share: If you became rich and wanted to be a an altruistic benefactor, which organization or kind of organization would you support financially? Why? Would you be an anonymous benefactor or not? Why?

CHIVALROUS Def: (adj) marked by honor, courtesy and courage; knightly Syn: gallant, civil, valiant Ant: crude, uncouth, churlish, loutish Sent: Despite his obvious display of chivalrous behavior, the young woman’s parents were still uncertain about the true motives of her date. Common phrase: “Chivalry isn’t dead.”

CLEMENCY Def: (n) mercy, humaneness, mildness, moderateness Syn: leniency, forbearance, gentleness Ant: harshness, severity, cruelty, inflexibility Sent: While the judge usually preferred clemency, after the man had been to court for the third time for reckless driving, he ordered that the man’s license be revoked.

DEARTH Def: (n) a lack, scarcity, inadequate supply, a famine Syn: insufficiency, want, paucity Ant: surplus, oversupply, glut, abundance Sent: To our dismay, there was a dearth of treats in the house, due to dad’s new diet. Usage: “ a dearth of…”

DIFFIDENT Def: (adj) shy, lacking self- confidence, modest, reserved Syn: timid, bashful, unassertive, withdrawn Ant: bold, brash, audacious, self-confident, jaunty Sent: I wasn’t sure if she disliked me or was simply diffident around new people. Sent: A person’s body language can reveal whether he or she is diffident or confident.

Think-pair-share: Do you consider a man opening the door for a lady to be chivalrous or too old-fashioned? Why? Complete the sentence: My house has a dearth of _________. Explain.

DISCREPANCY Def: (n) a difference, a lack of agreement Syn: disagreement, divergence, inconsistency Ant: agreement, convergence, consistency Sent: When he counted out the register at the end of the night, the manager realized that the discrepancy of two hundred missing dollars could cost him his job. Phrasing: “a discrepancy between _____ and _____.”

EMBARK Def: (v) to go aboard, to make a start, to invest Syn: to commence, launch, begin, board Sent: We embarked on a cross-country journey without realizing how tired we would get of driving.

FACILE Def: (adj) easily done or attained, superficial, ready, fluent, easily shown but not sincerely felt Syn: effortless, assured, poised, specious Ant: labored, awkward, halting Sent: While he found his math homework to be facile, writing essays was always a challenge. Sent: Her facile response of “just relax” when I told her how stressed out I was indicated that she didn’t really “get it.” Related term: facilitate (guide or make easier)

INDOMITABLE Def: (adj) unconquerable, refusing to yield Syn: unbeatable, invincible, unyielding Ant: surrendering, submissive, yielding Sent: The indomitable killer whale wouldn’t be bullied by an aggressive shark that wanted to hog up all the food.

INFALLIBLE Def: (adj) free from error, absolutely dependable Syn: unerring, certain Ant: imperfect Sent: We knew dad would eventually admit he made a mistake, even though we had thought him infallible.

Think-pair-share: When did you first realize that your parents were not infallible? Explain. What tasks are facile for you? Why?

PLOD Def: (v) to walk heavily or slowly; to work slowly Syn: lumber, trudge Ant: scamper, skip, prance Sent: After plodding to the top of the steep hill for an hour, we took a rest and ate our energy bars to gather strength for the next leg of the hike.

PUNGENT Def: (adj) causing a sharp sensation, stinging, biting Syn: sharp, spicy, piquant, caustic, racy Ant: bland, unappetizing, colorless, insipid Sent: After living off peanut butter and jelly sandwiches for three days, we craved the pungent flavors of tacos and burritos. Sent: Wegman’s has an extensive selection of pungent cheeses, but I stick to the mild ones like American and mozzarella. Sent: Her pungent sense of humor rarely missed being offensive.

REMISS Def: (adj) neglectful in performance of one’s duty, careless Syn: negligent, lax, slack Ant: scrupulous, dutiful, punctilious Sent: “I would love to take full credit for the success of the movie, but as an actor, I would be remiss in not applauding first the work of the directors, producers, engineers and film crew.”

REPOSE Def: (v) to rest, lie, place (n) relaxation, peace of mind, calmness Syn: sleep, tranquility, respite Ant: exertion, wakefulness, tumult, bustle, ado Sent: After nine hours at school, all he wanted was a few moments of quiet repose before having to talk to his parents about his day.

TEMERITY Def: (n) rashness, boldness Syn: recklessness, foolhardiness, effrontery Ant: timidity, fearfulness, diffidence, humility Sent: Few people have the temerity to go swimming in frigid water, but those that do apparently find it exhilarating.

Think-pair-share: Describe something an employee might say to the boss that would indicate temerity? Complete the sentence: I got fired for being remiss in _________________.

TRUCULENT Def: (adj) fierce and cruel, aggressive, deadly, destructive, scathingly harsh Syn: brutal, savage, belligerent, vitriolic Ant: gentle, mild, meek, unthreatening Sent: His truculent personality made him an effective, but fear-inducing leader.

UNFEIGNED Def: (adj) sincere, real, without pretense Syn: genuine, heartfelt Ant: insincere, simulated, phony Sent: For once, his comments were candid and unfeigned, so I could finally see his real personality. Common phrase: “to feign illness”

VIRULENT Def: (adj) extremely poisonous, full of malice, spiteful Syn: venomous, noxious, baneful, hateful Ant: innocuous, harmless, benign Sent: His virulent response to criticism forced people to walk on eggshells around him. Common phrase: “a virulent strain” of an illness

Think-pair-share: Should a good leader be truculent? Why or why not? How would you respond to someone who made virulent comments about you? Explain.