Analysis of ENERGY SOURCES P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Understand True Potential of A Resource & Develop Eco-friendly Technologies…...

Machine Free Energy System : 21st Century Option 1839 Alexander Edmond Becquerel: Nineteen-year-old Edmund Becquerel, a French experimental physicist, discovered the photovoltaic effect while experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes. Observed that there was a light dependant voltage between two electrode immersed in an electrolyte. 1873: Willoughby Smith discovered the photoconductivity of selenium. 1941 First silicon based solar cell demonstrated 1954 Beginning of modern solar cell research. 1996: The U.S. Department of Energy announces the National Center for Photovoltaics, headquartered in Golden, Colorado.

Green Chill : Machine free Milk Chillers : 21st Century Option

Message for Development of New Ideas/Products…….

The Earth : A System to Create Usable Forms of Energy Sources The flow of energy from a source to a sink through an intermediate system orders that system. Morowitz [1992]

Sources of Energy Fossil resources Nuclear resources Solar resources Wind resources Hydro resources Tidal resources Wave resources Geo-thermal resources Bio-mass Regenerative resources

Profile of Primary Energy Consumption in 21st Century Main Sources of Energy in 21st Century:

Solar Energy Systems Global installed capacity for solar-powered electricity has seen an exponential growth. Reaching around 227 GWe at the end of 2015, producing 1% of all electricity used globally. The total capacity for solar heating and cooling in operation in 2015 was estimated at 406 GWth. Solar PV module prices have declined around 80% since 2007. US$4/W in 2007 to ~ US$1.8/W in 2015.

Share Of Renewable Energy in Electricity Production

Cost of Electricity using Renewable Sources

The Role of COAL in 21st Century Coal currently fuels 40% of the world’s electricity and is forecasted to continue to supply a strategic share over the next three decades.

The Share of Crude Oil in 21st Century Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, accounting for 32.9% of total global energy consumption.

World Combustion CO2 Emissions

Theory of Coal Formation

A tree converts disorder to order with a little help from the Sun The building materials are in a highly disordered state - gases, liquids and vapors. The tree takes in carbon dioxide from the air, water from the earth as well as a small amount from water vapor in the air. From this disordered beginning, it produces the highly ordered and highly constrained sugar molecules, like glucose. The radiant energy from the Sun gets transferred to the bond energies of the carbons and the other atoms in the glucose molecule. In addition to making the sugars, the plants also release oxygen which is essential for animal life.

Coal : First Kind of Entropy Vehicle

Oil & Gas : Entropy Vehicles – 2 & 3

Usage of Coal Vehicle

Usage of Gas Vehicle

Utilization of Chemical Energy : Calorific Value Matter Creation of Disorder for better living ?!?!!? As Food (ADP to ATP) As a Medicine As Fuel Direct combustion Production of Fuels Direct Electric Energy

First Law Analysis of Photosynthesis : SSSF m CO2 m water m vegetation Q W m Oxygen Conservation of Mass: First Laws for furnace in SSSF Mode:

First Law Analysis of Photosynthesis : SSSF m CO2 m water m vegetation Q W m Oxygen The Global Reaction Equation: Conservation of Mass: First Laws for furnace in SSSF Mode: