Hockenbury & Hockenbury Psychology 6e Worth Publishers (2013) Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD Hockenbury & Hockenbury Psychology 6e Worth Publishers (2013)

Chapter 13: Stress Health and Coping Individual Factors That Influence the Response to Stress The Physical Effects of Stress: The Mind-Body Connection Coping: How People Deal with Stress Introduction: Stress and Health Psychology Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology

Introduction: Stress and Health Psychology 500 400 300 200 100

The Physical Effects of Stress: The Mind-Body Connection 500 400 300 200 100

Individual Factors That Influence the Response to Stress 500 400 300 200 100

Coping: How People Deal with Stress 500 400 300 200 100

Enhancing Well-Being With Psychology 500 400 300 200 100

1. Our perception of a particular stimulus as ‘stressful’ depends on: A) whether the stimulus is new or familiar to us. B) how life-threatening the stimulus is. C) our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus. D) whether or not others are involved.

2. Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are called: A) stressors. B) daily hassles. C) life changes. D) normal setbacks.

3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe, the most stressful life change reported by subjects is: A) being fired from a job. B) the death of a spouse. C) the death of a parent. D) getting a divorce.

When an individual or family moves from one location to another and struggles to learn and adapt to new norms and expectations, they are experiencing __________ stress. A) acculturative B) immigrant C) accommodative D) assimilative

5. Marcus is at his favorite Italian restaurant, and he cannot decide between the cheesecake and the tiramisu for dessert. This is an example of a(n) __________ conflict. A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) partial-approach D) approach-avoidance

6. The scientific study that examines the interconnections between psychological processes, nervous and endocrine system functions, and the immune system is called: A) health psychology. B) biopsychology. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) stress psychology.

7. The most important elements of the human immune system are __________ which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, and foreign invaders. A) granulocytes B) lymphocytes C) histamines D) killer t-cells

8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones but they have some negative properties that cause: A) premature aging. B) cardiovascular disease. C) weakening of the immune system. D) all of the above.

9. During the fight-or-flight response the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called __________, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline. A) catecholamines. B) acetylcholine and GABA. C) dopamine and serotonin. D) testosterone and progesterone.

10. During the _________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its stress-fighting resources in response to intense arousal. A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm D) breakdown

11. Social relationships have what effect on stress? A) They are stress-reducing. B) They have no effect on stress. C) They increase stress. D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress.

12. Among individuals in western cultures stress may be reduced by: A) being “talked out of it.” B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control. C) using medication. D) an increased sense of will-power.

13. When explaining a recent failure Maurice used internal- stable- and global explanations. Seligman describes this as a __________ style. A) pessimistic explanatory B) optimistic explanatory C) dichotomous explanatory D) robust explanatory

14. The critical component of a Type A personality that best predicts the onset of cardiac disease is: A) pessimism B) intense competitiveness C) a sense of time urgency D) hostility

15. Supportive behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the following except: A) making sure the person knows that you have been through the same stressful situation in the past. B) showing concern and interest. C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset. D) helping the person with housework.

16. Steve copes with stress by getting drunk 16. Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as: A) denial. B) escape-avoidance. C) distancing. D) positive reappraisal.

17. In response to stress women are more likely to: A) tend and befriend. B) give up and cry. C) fight or flee. D) engage Freudian defense mechanisms.

18. After the hurricane hit, those in the affected communities helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates: A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping.

19. “Sure it hurt to get fired but I learned something from it 19. “Sure it hurt to get fired but I learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: A) denial. B) seeking social support. C) positive reappraisal. D) escape-avoidance.

20. There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor 20. There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor. For example, in collectivist cultures, the emphasis is placed on: A) controlling your reaction to the stressful event. B) problem-focused coping. C) controlling the situation. D) using rational denial to psychologically change the event.

21. The authors of your textbook suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress except: A) getting enough sleep. B) exercising regularly. C) avoiding alcohol. D) practicing relaxation.

22. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the lack of sleep that often accompanies stressful situations? A) concentration B) reaction time C) memory D) All of the above can be impaired by inadequate sleep.

23. The relaxation technique called ________ involves focusing your attention on an object, word, or phrase. A) self-hypnosis B) progressive muscle relaxation C) meditation D) guided imagery

24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax” he says 24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter you tell him: A) the use of stimulants like nicotine and caffeine can actually increase the effects of stress. B) the only way cigarettes help is if he uses a “light” brand of cigarette. C) research shows that more nicotine can be ingested through chewing tobacco if he insists on using it at all. D) all of the above.

25. Which of the following can help you get “unstuck” in an approach-avoidance conflict? A) keep thinking about it until the answer is clear B) objectively analyze the pros and cons C) talk to a friend who has the same conflict D) “sleep on it” and wake up with a solution

Congratulations!

Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

1. Our perception of a particular stimulus as ‘stressful’ depends on: A) whether the stimulus is new or familiar to us. B) how life-threatening the stimulus is. C) our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus. D) whether or not others are involved.

2. Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people are called: A) stressors. B) daily hassles. C) life changes. D) normal setbacks.

3. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale by Holmes and Rahe, the most stressful life change reported by subjects is: A) being fired from a job. B) the death of a spouse. C) the death of a parent. D) getting a divorce.

When an individual or family moves from one location to another and struggles to learn and adapt to new norms and expectations, they are experiencing __________ stress. A) acculturative B) immigrant C) accommodative D) assimilative

5. Marcus is at his favorite Italian restaurant, and he cannot decide between the cheesecake and the tiramisu for dessert. This is an example of a(n) __________ conflict. A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) partial-approach D) approach-avoidance

6. The scientific study that examines the interconnections between psychological processes, nervous and endocrine system functions, and the immune system is called: A) health psychology. B) biopsychology. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) stress psychology.

7. The most important elements of the human immune system are __________, which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, and foreign invaders. A) granulocytes B) lymphocytes C) histamines D) killer t-cells

8. Corticosteroids are important stress hormones, but they have some negative properties that cause: A) premature aging. B) cardiovascular disease. C) weakening of the immune system. D) all of the above.

9. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal medulla secretes the hormones called__________, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline. A) catecholamines. B) acetylcholine and GABA. C) dopamine and serotonin. D) testosterone and progesterone.

10. During the _________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body mobilizes its stress-fighting resources in response to intense arousal. A) resistance B) exhaustion C) alarm D) breakdown

11. Social relationships have what effect on stress? A) They are stress-reducing. B) They have no effect on stress. C) They increase stress. D) They are helpful in reducing stress but can also be a source of stress.

12. Among individuals in western cultures, stress may be reduced by: A) being “talked out of it.” B) increasing a realistic sense of personal control. C) using medication. D) an increased sense of will-power.

13. When explaining a recent failure, Maurice used internal, stable, and global explanations. Seligman describes this as a __________style. A) pessimistic explanatory B) optimistic explanatory C) dichotomous explanatory D) robust explanatory

14. The critical component of a Type A personality that best predicts the onset of cardiac disease is: A) pessimism. B) intense competitiveness. C) a sense of time urgency. D) hostility.

15. Supportive behaviors perceived as helpful to those under stress include all of the following except: A) making sure the person knows that you have been through the same stressful situation in the past. B) showing concern and interest. C) expressing understanding about why the person is upset. D) helping the person with housework.

16. Steve copes with stress by getting drunk 16. Steve copes with stress by getting drunk. He is demonstrating the maladaptive strategy known as: A) denial. B) escape-avoidance. C) distancing. D) positive reappraisal.

17. In response to stress, women are more likely to: A) tend and befriend. B) give up and cry. C) fight or flee. D) engage Freudian defense mechanisms.

18. After the hurricane hit, those in the affected communities helped each other clear the wreckage. This behavior demonstrates: A) optimistic style. B) tending and befriending. C) emotion-focused coping. D) problem-focused coping.

19. “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it 19. “Sure it hurt to get fired, but I learned something from it. I am really a better person for it.” This statement is an example of: A) denial. B) seeking social support. C) positive reappraisal. D) escape-avoidance.

20. There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor 20. There are cultural differences in how we respond to a stressor. For example, in collectivist cultures, the emphasis is placed on: A) controlling your reaction to the stressful event. B) problem-focused coping. C) controlling the situation. D) using rational denial to psychologically change the event.

21. The authors of your textbook suggest all of the following as ways of minimizing the negative effects of stress except: A) getting enough sleep. B) exercising regularly. C) avoiding alcohol. D) practicing relaxation.

22. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the lack of sleep that often accompanies stressful situations? A) concentration B) reaction time C) memory D) All of the above can be impaired by inadequate sleep.

23. The relaxation technique called ________ involves focusing your attention on an object, word, or phrase. A) self-hypnosis B) progressive muscle relaxation C) meditation D) guided imagery

24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says 24. James smokes cigarettes “to relax,” he says. Knowing what you know from the chapter, you tell him: A) the use of stimulants like nicotine and caffeine can actually increase the effects of stress. B) the only way cigarettes help is if he uses a “light” brand of cigarette. C) research shows that more nicotine can be ingested through chewing tobacco if he insists on using it at all. D) all of the above.

25. Which of the following can help you get “unstuck” in an approach-avoidance conflict? A) keep thinking about it until the answer is clear B) objectively analyze the pros and cons C) talk to a friend who has the same conflict D) “sleep on it” and wake up with a solution

Acknowledgments Step Up Created by: Questions written by: John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Questions written by: Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD Based on Psychology 6e, by Hockenbury and Hockenbury Published by Worth Publishers, 2013

Answers 1. C 2. B 3. 4. A 5. 6. 7. 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. B