Antisocial behavior Antisocial behavior can be described as:

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
HPC3O: Unit 4 Parenting Styles and Outcomes
Advertisements

By Shanna Holt.  Authoritarian: Highly controlling, little responsiveness.  Permissive/Indulgent: Highly responsive, little control.  Authoritative:
Family and Parenting  Analyzing Family Life  The Diversity of Adult Life Styles  Parenting  Other Family Relationships.
PARENTING STYLES OBJECTIVE: LEARN ABOUT COMMON PATTERNS PARENTS EXHIBIT WHEN PARENTING THEIR CHILDREN AND WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THOSE PATTERNS.
Systems Theory. Characteristics of Systemic View RECURSION Do not ask why? Not interested in cause People and events are viewed in the context of mutual.
Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
4 Different Parenting Styles and their Effects on Children
Topic E: are criminals born or made? WEEK 1  TO EXAMINE BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF CRIMINALITY.  TO ANSWER THE QUESTION: ‘TO WHAT EXTEND IS NATURE.
Parenting Styles. Self-Concept Developed by age 12 Developed by age 12 Assessment of who they are Assessment of who they are Infants recognize self in.
Parenting Changing roles within the relationship –Polarizing Gender ID –Expectations vs. Reality Story of Jani Drawing a Family- Artistic Ability Not Assumed.
Antisocial Personalities: Prevalence among offenders in South Africa Ms. Sonja Loots Department of Psychology University of the Free State 2010
Parental behavior varies along at least two dimensions –Responsiveness/Acceptance –Control (“Demandingness”)
Parenting and Development
Socialization within the Family.  A series of studies gathered information on child rearing by watching parents interact with their children. Two very.
Printed by Parent-Adolescent Relationship Quality and the Development of Romantic Values Jessica K. Winkles, Joseph P. Allen University.
To Spank or Not to Spank? Arguments against physical punishment Spanking does work in the short term, but even then there are negative effects Children.
Families Parent-Adolescent Conflict Issues to Focus on… Why is there a marked increase in parent-adolescent conflict? What do parents & adolescents argue.
Emotional and social development in early childhood
Including material from: Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Child Development and Education, 3rd edition, 2007 Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education,
Longitudinal Links between Neighborhood Problems, Collective Efficacy, and Adolescents’ Academic and Socioemotional Outcomes Shay M. Galto, Danielle M.
The Family Parents play 3 roles: Direct instructors
Youth violence exposure, adolescent delinquency and anxiety, and the potential mediating role of sleep problems during middle childhood Chelsea M. Weaver.
Working with Children Unit I Child Development I
& Outcomes. The general pattern of behaviors that a parent uses to raise his or her children.
Psychology Psychology is defined as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Subset of psychology is criminal psychology: the study.
The Benefits of Regulating Emotions: Predictions from Adolescent Emotional Repair to Multiple Domains of Young Adult Adjustment. Elenda T. Hessel, Megan.
Romantic Partners Promotion of Autonomy and Relatedness in Adolescence as a Predictor of Young Adult Emotion Regulation. Elenda T. Hessel, Emily L. Loeb,
Hawthorn Effect A term referring to the tendency of some people to work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment. Individuals.
Families and their influence on behaviour
The Psychology of Parenting (♥ or </3)
Karin Karako Hunter college, the city university of new york
FAD Affective Involvement FAD Affective Involvement
Parental Affective Reactions to Prolonged Infant Crying: Does Risk Status or Parent Gender Matter? Kreila Cote, Christie Miksys, Sapir Sasson, Jennifer.
Aggression Types as Predictors of Adolescent Substance Use
Parenting Styles.
The permissive parent attempts to behave in a nonpunitive, acceptant and affirmative manner towards the child's impulses, desires, and actions. She [the.
Parenting Styles and Outcomes
PSYC 206 Lifespan Development Bilge Yagmurlu.
Theories of Socialization of Social Behavior
Introduction Hypotheses Results Discussion Method
4 Different Parenting Styles and their Effects on Children
Brotherson, S., Kranzler, B., & Zehnacker, G.
Introduction Results Hypotheses Discussion Method
Parenting Stages and Styles
Parenting Styles and Outcomes
Early Childhood: Social & Emotional Development
Families, home and childhood
Stage 3 36 Months to 6th Birthday.
PARENTING STYLES & OUTCOMES
Parenting Styles and Outcomes
PARENTING STYLES & OUTCOMES
Introduction Results Conclusions Method
Introduction Results Conclusions Method
Psychology.
Laura M. Sylke & David E. Szwedo James Madison University Introduction
P.K.S.S.Thilakarathna Department of Educational Psychology
Self-Concept & Parenting Styles
General Social Competence (18)
Korey F. Beckwith & David E. Szwedo James Madison University
The Effects of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Later Romantic Relationship Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Self-Worth, Alcohol, and Jealousy Madeline M.
Kristin E. Gross & David E. Szwedo James Madison University
Psychology 235 Dr. Blakemore
Parenting Styles Psychology ATAR Unit 3.
Puberty Moderates Effects of the Parent-Child Relationship on
Emotional Neglect from Parents Inability to Psychologically Separate
Parenting styles and Socioeconomic status on Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Children: A Moderational Model By: Taylor Perlman.
Social Development.
Responsive Parenting “in Early Childhood Development”
Are Your Parents Pushing You Toward a Cushier Future
Ami Zala Long Island University Post
Presentation transcript:

The Effect of Parenting Style on the Development of Antisocial Behaviors in Adolescents

Antisocial behavior Antisocial behavior can be described as: Aggression to people and animals Destruction of property Deceitfulness or theft Serious violations of rules Lack of remorse, guilt or empathy

Parenting styles history Schaefer (1959) first introduced a model to describe the pattern of parenting style based on three dichotomies: acceptance versus rejection, psychological autonomy versus psychological control, and firm behavior control versus lenient behavioral control. Baumrind (1967) later theorized, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive, as the three main styles of parenting. Maccoby and Martin (1983) have further conceptualized the parenting styles through the dimensions of demandingness and responsiveness. Demandingness refers to parental control or parental power assertion while responsiveness refers to parental acceptance, warmth, support, and attunement to the child’s needs (Maccoby & Martin, 1983). Using these dimensions, Maccoby and Martin (1983) have added uninvolved parenting as the fourth parenting style.

AUTHORITATIVE Believed to be the best parenting style Parent exerts firm control over child, while also being accepting, warm, and allowing for psychological autonomy of the child Supportive of the child’s independence Frequently express love and affection Related to positive child outcomes such as social responsibility, adjustment, and self reliance

permissive Parents are conceptualized as indulgent and allow their children to make their own rules and decisions Parents are accepting of the child and allow for psychological autonomy but lack in parental control Parents are affirming and place few demands on the child Related to child outcomes such as lack of impulse control, and lower achievement and autonomy

uninvolved Parents behave in ways that minimize parenting efforts and time Rejecting and do not enforce behavioral control on the child Neglecting and may respond with hostility towards the child

AUTHORITARIAN Parent exerts firm physical and psychological control Parents are rejecting of the child Demanding and often coercive and domineering Highly controlling and do not encourage independence Value obedience and will turn to forceful measures as punishment if they consider the child’s behavior to be inappropriate Related to maladaptive behaviors in the child, rebellion, low self-efficacy and more externalizing problems Physical punishment from parents has been linked to increased aggressive behavior in their children as well as high rates of maladaptive behaviors and criminal behavior

hypothesis The present study is designed to investigate the effect of parenting style on the presence of antisocial behaviors in adolescent males. It is hypothesized that adolescents who have been raised under an authoritarian parenting style will report higher instances of antisocial behaviors than adolescents who have been raised under any other type of parenting style (authoritative or permissive). Uninvolved parenting will not be defined as a separate parenting style given the measures used in this study

participants 500 male high school students from the New York Metropolitan area with an age range of 13-17 years (N = 500, M = 16.8 years, SD = 0.53 years)

Measures Socio-demographic Questionnaire Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) – Buri, 1991 30-item self report measure completed by the adolescent to assess parenting style based on Baumrind’s parental authority classification: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive Comprised of 5-point Likert scale based on applicability of each statement to the child’s mother or father:1= strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree The PAQ has three subscales: permissive (10 items), authoritarian (10 items), and authoritative (10 items). A higher score on a subscale indicates that the parent being rated engages in more aspects of that style in their parenting Scores on each subscale range from 10 to 50 Self-Report of Antisocial Behavior – Kiesner, 2002 18-item self-report measure that assesses the individual’s antisocial behaviors Participants are asked to indicate how often they were involved in a behavior in the past month using a 4- point Likert scale: with 0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = frequently Some assessment items included “lied to parents”, “hit someone”, “stole something from a store”, “did graffiti on public transportation or property”, “used alcohol”, and “used drugs” Higher scores indicate higher amounts of antisocial behaviors with scores ranging from 0 to 54

data analysis An independent-samples t-test was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program to compare the amount of antisocial behaviors in children raised under authoritarian parenting styles, and children raised in the other parenting styles (authoritative or permissive).

significant There was a significant difference in the amount of antisocial behaviors for the authoritarian parenting style (M = 21.2, SD = 1.3), and the other parenting style conditions (M = 7.5, SD = 0.84); t = 2.89, p < .05. These results support the hypothesis and suggest that parenting style does have an effect on the amount of antisocial behaviors an adolescent engages in. Specifically, when an adolescent is raised under an authoritarian parenting style, they will take part in significantly more antisocial behaviors than children raised under other parenting styles.

nonsignificant There was not a significant difference in the amount of antisocial behaviors for the authoritarian parenting style (M = 10.2, SD = 1.3), and the other parenting style conditions (M = 9.5, SD = 1.2); t = 1.02, p > .05. These results suggest that parenting style does not have an effect on the amount of antisocial behaviors that an adolescent engages in. The hypothesis is not supported, and there is no significant difference between authoritarian parenting style and the other parenting styles when measuring for antisocial behaviors in adolescents. Given these results, other factors besides parenting style may be involved in the development of antisocial behaviors. Factors such as attachment, empathy, socioeconomic status, social groups, specifics of abuse or neglect, and access to resources may predict antisocial behavior more accurately. A study conducted by Wootton et al. (1997) suggests that parental influence on antisocial behavior depends on the level of empathic traits in the child and that the child’s externalizing problems were unrelated to ineffective parenting for children who were unemotional and callous.

Discussion Significant Authoritarian parenting styles may be associated with antisocial behaviors due the harsh nature of authoritarian parenting. These parents expect orders to be obeyed by the child without an explanation and combine high control with strict discipline and aggressive behaviors Authoritative and permissive parents may vary in demandingness, but both groups exhibit warmth and are accepting of the child, which is not found in authoritarian parenting, and may explain why there were fewer instances of antisocial behaviors reported in the authoritative and permissive groups. The physical punishment involved in an authoritarian parenting style provides a model of aggressive behavior for the child, and it has been found that most child abusers had previously been abused themselves (Olafsson, 2000). McCord (1988) posited that abused children learn that the aggression is “normal and justified”, and “egocentrism” becomes highly regarded since the use of violent behaviors to influence others is deemed acceptable.

Discussion nonsignificant Given these results, other factors besides parenting style may be involved in the development of antisocial behaviors. Factors such as attachment, empathy, socioeconomic status, social groups, specifics of abuse or neglect, and access to resources may predict antisocial behavior more accurately. A study conducted by Wootton et al. (1997) suggests that parental influence on antisocial behavior depends on the level of empathic traits in the child and that the child’s externalizing problems were unrelated to ineffective parenting for children who were unemotional and callous.

references American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887-907. doi:10.2307/1126611 Baumrind, D. (2013). Authoritative parenting revisited: History and current status. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris, & A. W. Harrist (Eds.) Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 11-34). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. doi:10.1037/13948- 002 Boyes, M., & Allen, S. (1993). Styles of parent-child interaction and moral reasoning in adolescence. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 39(4), 551-570. Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental Authority Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(1), 110-119. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_13 Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2005). Corporal punishment and the growth trajectory of children’s anti-social behavior. Child Maltreatment, 10, 283-292. Kiesner, J., & Pastore, M. (2005). Differences in the relations between antisocial behavior and peer acceptance across contexts and across adolescence. Child Development, 76(6), 1278- 1293. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00850.x

References cont. Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley. Marcus, R. F., & Gray, L. (1998). Close relationships of violent and nonviolent African American delinquents. Violence and Victims, 13, 31-46. McCord, J. (1988). Parental behavior in the cycle of aggression. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 51(1), 14-23. Miller, P., & Eisenberg, N. (1988). The relation of empathy to aggressive and externalizing/antisocial behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 324-344. Morris, A. S., Cui, L., & Steinberg, L. (2013). Parenting research and themes: What we have learned and where to go next. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris, & A. W. Harrist (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 35-58). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. Music, G. (2011). Nurturing natures: Attachment and children’s emotional, sociocultural and brain development. New York: Psychology Press. Olafsson, K. (2000). The impact of parenting style and locus of control upon psychopathy, degree of violence, and attitude towards authority in youthful offenders (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The California School of Professional Psychology, Alameda. Schaefer, E. S. (1959). A circumplex model for maternal behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 226-235. doi:10.1037/h0041114 Schaffer, M., Clark, S., & Jeglic, E. L. (2009). The role of empathy and parenting style in the development of antisocial behaviors. Crime and Delinquency, 55(4), 586-599. doi:10.1177/0011128708321359 Wootton, J. M., Frick, P. J., Shelton, K. K., et al. (1997) Ineffective parenting and childhood conduct problems: The moderating role of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 292-300.