Topic B - Factors affecting Human Growth and Development B1: Nature/Nurture debate related factors B2: Genetic factors that affect development B3: Environmental factors that affect development B4: Social factors that affect development B6: Major life events that affect development B5: Economic factors that affect development

B4 - Social factors that affect development Family and Social Groups A family is a social group of people, often related genetically, by marriage or by living together as a group Being part of a family group can help you to develop in the following ways: Forming emotional relationships and attachments First experiences of social interaction Influencing your social behaviour (socially acceptable) Meeting physical needs for protection, food, shelter and warmth Supporting each other emotionally Protecting family members from stress Helping each other financially or practically, for example families may support older relatives. Recap! From Level 2 can you remember the different types of families? Nuclear – parents and biological children Single parent – one parent and children Extended – living with grandparents, aunts , uncles Blended – step and adopted families

B4 - Social factors that affect development Family Dysfunction Dysfunctional family – a family that is not providing all of the support and benefits associated with being in a family. What factors could cause a dysfunction al family? Stress caused by mental health issues, poor housing and low income Poor parenting skills Controlling, aggressive and manipulative family members Neglecting children Parents inconsistent in teaching children how to behave in society How could these factors disadvantage children?

B4 - Social factors that affect development Parental divorce and separation Parental divorce and separation is known to have consequences on child's growth and development. Annotate the impacts of divorce on the child/adolescents body.

B4 - Social factors that affect development Parental divorce and separation Annotate the impacts of divorce on the child/adolescents body. Self-esteem Self-concept Self-confidence Emotional distress Moodiness Depression Lack in resilience Reliance on friends Easily pressured Risk taking behaviours (drugs, smoking, alcohol) Poverty Under achievement in school Self harming Self blame Lack of trust in relationships Envy parents Jealously of new siblings

B4 - Social factors that affect development Sibling Rivalry In his social learning theory, Bandura explored the impact of role modelling and imitating behaviour. Exposure to high levels of conflict could lead a child becoming aggressive and displaying bullying to other children in the family. Rosenthal and Doherty (81984) stated that children who are in rivalry with siblings or are bullies are quite often bullied by their parents.

B4 - Social factors that affect development Sibling Rivalry Explain why a child may bully their siblings? (6 marks) Structure recap! 3 points explained or 2 points clearly explained with examples. Jealously Gain a sense of control Gain power in the household Feeling helpless and powerless Parents encouraging complementation Parents deliberately promoting conflict

B4 - Social factors that affect development Parenting styles Diana Baumrind (1960s) identified three different parenting styles that she thought could contribute to the overall development of children. Which parenting styles do these images relate to ? Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive Parenting styles – the different strategies/ways that parents use to bring up their children.

B4 - Social factors that affect development Parenting styles Authoritarian parents have very high expectations, often overwhelming their children with strict rules and regulations. Children are often rebellious and may become problematic both in the family home and in social settings Authoritative parents are not overly strict; children are brought up to respect authority and develop appropriate values and boundaries. Permissive parents make few demands, and may be reluctant to implement rules or values into the lives of their children. Children therefore often lack self-control as they have no set boundaries or respect for personal space

B4 - Social factors that affect development Parenting styles Development can also be impacted by no parental involvement, where parents make few demands or responses. Some parents are unaware of the power they hold over their children. Why may some parents be unaware of their power? Lack of education Inadequate role modelling Lack of emotional intelligence Substance abuse

B4 - Social factors that affect development Bullying What is bullying? It can be described as repetitive behaviour intended to hurt an individual emotionally and or physically. Draw the diagram below and split in half. On one side give reasons on why/how someone may be bullied On the other give impacts to the victim. E.g. Self-esteem Bullying

B4 - Social factors that affect development Bullying Reasons why/how Race, culture, religion Teasing Hitting Threats Social media Cyber bullying Humiliation Emotional Name calling Stealing Gossiping Revenge Being bullied themselves Impacts Reduced self-esteem Stress Depression Social anxiety Poor self-image Feeling unsafe Lonely Social isolation Low self work Self-harming Suicidal thoughts Suicide Bullying

B4 - Social factors that affect development Culture, Religion and Beliefs The UK is multicultural and diverse H&SC providers may be working with service users whose culture or religious beliefs could influence treatment decisions. This can lead to complex situations and emotional distress that affects the relationship between the care provider and family members.

B4 - Social factors that affect development Medical intervention Most faith groups use prayer as part of the healing process and there is a general belief that prayer supports medical care. Some religions reject any medical intervention Jehovah’s Witnesses believe (based on commands in the Bible) that blood transfusions, even if needed to save a person’s life, must not be accepted. … they may not accept blood transfusions, but do accept most other treatments … some doctors have taken legal action to save children lives! … some women require counselling and special care to minimise blood loss when giving birth.

B4 - Social factors that affect development Dietary Requirements It is important to consider dietary differences linked to religion and culture when planning a balanced diet. What do you think the most common dietary requirements are? Vegetarianism, halal and kosher diets. Kosher: Dairy and meat need to be separate including preparing, serving and washing up. They do not eat pork or shellfish either Hindu and Sikh vegetarian diets require that both equipment and diets do not come into contact with any meat

B4 - Social factors that affect development Dietary Requirements Muslims Do not eat pork or non-halal meats, and they do not consume alcohol. Whatever the rules, it is important that a balanced diet is followed to reduce the effects on health and development. What health issues could be related to an unbalanced diet? High cholesterol/blood pressure Heart disease Weakened bones and teeth Muscle or organ function