“Learning to Lead our Lives” Turning Points of the Cold War? Skill: Organisation and Communication, ICT NGfL: USA 1929 - 1990 All images/ cartoons are believed to be in the public domain. Many of the images were sourced from the internet encyclopaedia wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org

Causes of the Cold War How many can you name?

Causes of the Cold War Competing ideologies Communism Vs Capitalism. Russia’s fear of American attack. Truman’s dislike of Stalin Russia’s aim of spreading communism Causes of the Cold War Russia’s expansion into Eastern Europe Russia’s need for a secure border. America’s refusal to share nuclear technology. Russia’s actions in the Soviet zones

Can You Link These Pictures? All images have been taken from Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia and are presumed to be in either the public domain or usable under the fair use law.

Did you work out what they were? Berlin Vietnam Korea Cuba So how are these images linked?

Berlin Korea Cuba Vietnam Together they form 4 of the most important events in the cold war! Cuba Vietnam

How successful was the US Foreign policy of Containment? What does the word “containment” suggest about American foreign policy during this period?

Military intervention Trade How might America try to ‘contain’ Communism? Financial incentives Political interference Threatening / Bullying behaviour

How effective was 'Containment'? Why did America choose these places to get involved? What were America’s aims? How successful was American Foreign Policy? What impact did each event have on relations between America and the Soviet Union? How great was the threat of war? Berlin Airlift 1948-49 Korea 1950 – 53 Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Vietnam 1965 How Great was the Threat of War?

Berlin Airlift 1948-49 Korea 1950 – 53 Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Vietnam 1965 Task At the end of Each episode pupils must decide how successful they think American Foreign Policy was. They must also enter into an excel spread sheet data on the tension level between America and Russia to create a graph to cover the period showing the changing level of tension between the USA and USSR.

You should use three columns:- 1. Cold War Episode 2. Cold war tension /10 3. Explanation

the Berlin blockade and Airlift What are these ‘milkmen’ doing?

Key Events Berlin Blockade and airlift 24th June 1948 The Soviets imposed blockade on on all rail traffic between Berlin and Western Germany. The 2 million people who lived in West Berlin were short of all essential supplies. Biggest air operation in history. Peak April 16-17 1949 1398 flights landed nearly 13000 tones of supplies in 24 hours. Aircraft were even used to take the rubbish out of West Berlin!

Consequences Nato was set up in 1949 comprising of several W European countries along with USA. (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) Stabilizing effect. Division of Germany more formalised West German Republic 1949 Konrad Adenaeuer. Creation of German Democratic Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1961 Berlin Wall.

Turn to your excel graph table and consider the impact that this event had on the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. Remember to include data for before, during and after the event.

THE KOREAN WAR What has happened to these men? What is this man doing?

A grief stricken American infantryman whose buddy has been killed in action is comforted by another soldier. In the background a corpsman methodically fills out casualty tags, Haktong-ni area, Korea. August 28, 1950. Sfc. Al Chang. (Army)

Why were the Americans concerned about Korea?

Background 1945 – Korea was controlled by Japan. After the war the Soviets occupied the NORTH and America the SOUTH. The two halves were divided by the 38th Parallel. 1947 – elections held in the South supported by the US. The North had its own govt backed by the Soviets. Each government claimed to be the rightful rulers of Korea. Each side was supported by the respective superpower even though they withdrew troops in 1948.

Events . . . 1949 – China became Communist and supported N Korea. 1950 – N Korea invaded S Korea. Sept 1950 – UN troops enter S Korea at INCHON. Early successes push the N Koreans back Oct 1950 - The Chinese invaded N Korea and American led UN troops were pushed back to S Korea. Courtney Whitney, Douglas MacArthur, and Edward Almond in Korea, 1950. Army photo Chinese General Peng Dehuai and North Korean General Secretary Kim Il-Sung in the Korean war. Taken from Wikipedia.

Events . . . 1950-51 – The conflict develops into a STALEMATE over the 38th Parallel. April 1951 – MacArthur was removed and was replaced by General Omar Bradley 1952 Fighting continued into 1952 July 1953 – An armistice was signed. General MacArthur General Bradley

Consequences The American policy of ‘Containment’ had worked South Korea remained out of Communist control. BUT Korea was badly damaged Their were heavy military and civilian casualties Still two separate states today Still US troops in Korea

By 1950 had Containment worked??? Most Americans agreed with containing communism Some wanted a more aggressive policy like MacArthur More alliances were set up that were anti-Communist

Turn to your excel graph table and consider the impact that this event had on the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. Remember to include data for before, during and after the event.

Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962. Bay of pigs 1961 16th October Kennedy received evidence that rocket launching sites were being built on the Island. Blockade “Eye ball to eye ball and I think the other fellow blinked.”

Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Public told that USSR agreed to remove its missiles from Cuba in return Kennedy lift blockade In fact Kennedy had agreed to remove some missiles from Europe if USSR remove missiles from Cuba. Hotline set up between USSR and USA Nuclear Arms Talks began Kruschev and Castro President Kennedy

Turn to your excel graph table and consider the impact that this event had on the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. Remember to include data for before, during and after the event.

The Vietnam War: Why did America become involved in Vietnam? Ho Chi Minh wanted a united communist Vietnam. USA thought he was being supported by the Chinese. Domino Theory. Kennedy sent advisors November 1963 10,000 US advisors were helping South Vietnamese troops Tokin Resolution – allowed president Johnson to use US troops to defend any SEATO country this escalated the war. Domino effect Indonesia Malaya Laos Cambodia Vietnam

Main features of the war American tactics Bombing. Strategic hamlets. Chemicals agent orange. Napalm. Superior weapons tanks, guns helicopters. Vietcong Guerrilla warfare. Tunnel system. Wore no uniform therefore not easy to spot. Set traps. The dropping of napalm bombs and CuChi tunnels both images are in the public domain

Attitude of the Vietnamese government and Population to the War. In South Vietnam innocent children and people were being burnt by napalm. South Vietnamese saw the NLF as friends and the Americans as enemies. The strategic hamlet tactic was not popular.

Opposition to the War in America. Media coverage changed as the ‘body count’ grew. Tet Offensive – 100 cities in 6 hours the US embassy was taken over. My Lai Massacre of 300 villagers. Escalating Costs by 1969 had soared to $30billion Kent state massacre. This work is copyrighted. The individual who uploaded this work and first used it in an article, and subsequent persons who place it into articles assert that this qualifies as fair use of the material under Untied States copyright law. Mai Lai Massacre is arguably public domain or else is included under fair use.

American Foreign Policy 1975 1990 Significance of the Vietman War Americas role as the policeman of the world had been undermined. Created more openness with communist countries especially China. Better under standing with the Soviet Union Americans were suspicious of involving their troops in a conflict that they were unsure of winning.

Turn to your excel graph table and consider the impact that this event had on the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. Remember to include data for before, during and after the event.

Cold War Evaluation Using your notes and table you should now produce an excel graph or chart to show how close to war you feel the super powers were before, during and after each of these events. Your X axis should be labelled events. Your Y axis should be labelled Cold War Tension. You should fully annotate your diagrams.

For Example Before Berlin there was building tension due to the USA refusing to share technology, the Truman Doctrine and the differing ideologies of Russia and the USA. Your completed Graph should be stuck into your exercise book and fully annotated.

How Successful was American Foreign Policy between 1945-1975? Use your graph to help you evaluate the following questions:- How successful was the American policy of “Containment” during this period? 2. How great was the threat of war during this period?