UNDERSTANDING DRUGS AND MEDICINCES 9/16/2018 TEKS: HE.1K, HE.2E, HE.2F, HE.2G, HE.2H, HE.3C, HE.4C, HE.7A, HE.7B, HE.13A, HE.17A

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DRUG AND A MEDICINE? 9/16/2018 DRUG Medicine or other substance that has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body. A substance that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illnesses or discomfort. MEDICINES All medicines are drugs but not all drugs are medicines

What are some common side effects of medicines? What is a Side Effect? 9/16/2018 Any effect caused by a drug in addition to the intended effect What are some common side effects of medicines? Headaches Sleepiness Diarrhea Nausea Dizziness Vomiting

Drug Interactions Drug interactions occur when drugs react 9/16/2018 Drug interactions occur when drugs react with another drug, food or dietary supplement. “Drug interactions happen when drugs react with another drug, food or dietary supplement. It could increase or decrease the effect of a drug.” Emphasize the effect of mixing pills and alcohol – deadly combination. Should never do, whether it is an antibiotic, antidepressant, or ecstasy. Also mention eating food with antibiotics decreases chances of stomachaches. Example given on next slide.

Common Drug/Food Interactions 9/16/2018 Grapefruit Juice can interact with numerous other medications, both prescription and over-the-counter. can cause the body to metabolize drugs abnormally, resulting in lower or higher than normal blood levels of the drug. Some of the drugs affected by grapefruit juice are: cholesterol medications antihistamines blood pressure drugs thyroid replacement drugs birth control stomach acid-blocking drugs How grapefruit juice affects some medicines. Discuss the diagram with students.

Anaphylactic Shock 9/16/2018 Severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Treatment includes an epinephrine shot as soon as possible. Symptoms: Coughing, wheezing, itching Fainting, dizziness, weakness Trouble breathing Swollen tongue, itchy lips Vomiting, diarrhea, cramps Anaphylactic Shock – affects the entire body including itching all over, swelling, especially in the mouth and throat, wheezing or difficulty breathing, pounding heart, fainting and unconsciousness.

Over-the-Counter Drugs Prescription Drugs 9/16/2018 Specific medicines that can only be obtained through a written order by a doctor Over-the-Counter Drugs Medicines that can be bought without a prescription

Why do we need a prescription for certain drugs? 9/16/2018 Prescription drugs are considered to be potentially harmful if not used under the supervision of a licensed health care practitioner Who regulates prescription drugs?

Prescription Medicines 9/16/2018 What information does a prescription have? The patient name, date of birth, and address The medication name The dosage When you should take the medicine How often you should take the medicine The length of time you should take the medicine Some things NOT included are side effects and ingredients.

generic vs. brand name medicine Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine. The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, and size. 9/16/2018 “Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine. They are chemically identical to the original drug and have the same active ingredients. The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, size.”

Prescription Drug Misuse Legal medicines with legitimate uses can be misused, meaning they're taken by someone other than the patient or in a manner or dose other than what's recommended. 9/16/2018 People often think that prescription and OTC drugs are safer than illegal drugs, but that’s only true when they are taken exactly as prescribed and for the purpose intended.

Misuse vs. Abuse Intent: A person taking a drug to experience the high= ABUSE They intentionally used the drug for the wrong purpose. 9/16/2018 Intent: A person who could not fall asleep took another sleeping pill an hour after the first one to “do the trick” = MISUSE The intention was to only relieve symptoms not to get “high”.

Trends in prevalence of various drugs for 8th Graders, 10th Graders and 12th Graders. Click on the link to see the data. https://www.drugabuse.gov/trends-statistics/monitoring-future/monitoring-future-study-trends-in-prevalence-various-drugs Discuss the chart with students and point out prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are, after marijuana (and alcohol), the most commonly abused substances by Americans 14 and older. 9/16/2018

9/16/2018 common medications

Analgesics Relieve pain Ibuprofen Acetaminophen Aspirin 9/16/2018 Analgesics relieve pain. Examples include: Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Ibuprofen. Acetaminophen Aspirin

Antacids Antihistamines 9/16/2018 Work against stomach acids that cause heartburn Antihistamines Block the action of the chemical, HISTAMINE, which causes allergy symptoms Antihistamines block the action of the chemical histamine, which causes allergy symptoms. Examples: Benadryl and Zyrtec.

Antibiotics 9/16/2018 Drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms Common antibiotics: Penicillin Streptomycin Amoxicillin Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. Examples: Penicillin, Streptomycin, Amoxicillin.

How do drugs enter your body? The most common way drugs enter your body is by mouth (Ingestion). Other methods: Implanted pumps Inhalation Injection Patches Topical application (creams/ointments) 9/16/2018 Implanted pumps, inhalation, injection, transdermal patches, ingestion, and topical cream.