University of Michigan The Geography of Diversity: Melting Pots, The New Sunbelt & The Heartland William H. Frey Milken Institute & University of Michigan www.frey-demographer.org

Fastest Growing, 1990 - 2000 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Selected New Sunbelt and Old Sunbelt States Growth 1980s and 1990s Nevada Colorado Georgia 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Florida 80s Texas 90s California Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Immigrant Magnet States Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

New Sunbelt, Immigrant Magnet, and Heartland States New Sunbelt Immigrant Magnets Heartland States Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Demographic Components, 1990s California New York Texas Immigration Domestic Migration Natural Increase Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

Demographic Components, 1990s Colorado Georgia Pennsylvania Immigration Domestic Migration Natural Increase Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

Share of U.S. in 6 Immigrant Magnet States Foreign Born 68% Asian Language at Home 64% Spanish at Home 74% Mixed Marriages 51% Native Born 36% English at Home 33% Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

10 “Classic” Immigrant Magnet Metros 90 - 99 Immigrants 1. New York ------------- 1,408,543 2. Los Angeles ----------- 1,257,925 3. San Francisco --------- 494,189 4. Miami ------------------ 420,488 5. Chicago ----------------- 363,662 6. Washington ------------ 267,175 7. Houston ---------------- 214,262 8. Dallas-Fort ------------- 173,500 9. San Diego -------------- 159,691 10. Boston ------------------ 137,634 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Domestic Migrant Magnet Metros 90 - 99 Net Migration 1. Atlanta ---------------- 498,283 2. Phoenix --------------- 396,092 3. Las Vegas ------------- 394,331 4. Dallas ------------------ 235,611 5. Denver ----------------- 200,658 6. Portland, OR ----------- 198,896 7. Austin ------------------ 168,817 8. Orlando ---------------- 167,120 9. Tampa ----------------- 157,209 10. Charlotte -------------- 154,320 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

10 “Classic” Immigrant Magnet Metros Are Home to 30% of Total Population 65% of 1990s Immigration 54% of Hispanic Population 57% of Asian Population Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Hispanic Concentration 2000 Biotechnology and biomedicine are likely to be important Microsystems application areas. Biotechnology and biomedicine may mean to the first half of the 21st century what electronics and computers meant to the second half of the 20th century. The Southwest has several key biotech clusters. Albuquerque has the largest biotechnology cluster output in the region with a concentration more than three times the national average. Boulder’s biotechnology concentration is four times greater than the national average. Salt Lake City’s biotechnology industry has experienced rapid growth. Other metros with strong growth include Provo-Orem, Tucson, Fort Collins, and Yuma. Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute

1990 - 2000 Greatest Hispanic Gainers 1. Los Angeles 1,819,370 2. New York 992,185 3. Chicago 600,810 4. Dallas 594,836 5. Houston 575,098 6. Miami 501,543 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Up- and Coming Hispanic Growth Magnets 2000 Populations > 50,000 % Growth 1. Greensboro 694 2. Charlotte 622 3. Raleigh 569 4. Atlanta 362 5. Las Vegas 262 6. Portland, OR 175 7. Orlando 170 8. Minn. -St. Paul 162 9. Reno 145 10. Grand Rapids 136 11. Salt Lake City 133 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Hispanic Groups 1990-2000 2000 Source: William H. Frey

Largest Hispanic Groups (in 1000s) Mexican 20,640 Puerto Rican 3,406 Cuban 1,242 Dominican 765 Spanish 686 Salvadoran 655 Colombian 471 Guatemalan 373 Ecuadorian 261 Peruvian 234 Source: William H. Frey

Hispanics - % by State 1990 2000 California 34 % 31 % Texas 19 % 19 % 1990 2000 California 34 % 31 % Texas 19 % 19 % New York 10 % 8 % Florida 7 % 8 % Illinois 4 % 4 % New Jersey 3 % 3 % Arizona 3 % 4 % Source: William H. Frey

Mexicans - % by State 1990 2000 California 45 % 41 % Texas 29 % 25 % 1990 2000 California 45 % 41 % Texas 29 % 25 % Illinois 5 % 6 % Arizona 5 % 5 % New Mexico 2 % 2 % Colorado 2 % 2 % Source: William H. Frey

Puerto Ricans - % by State 1990 2000 New York 40 % 31 % New Jersey 12 % 11 % Florida 9 % 14 % Massachusetts 6 % 6 % Pennsylvania 5 % 7 % Connecticut 5 % 6 % Illinois 5 % 5 % California 5 % 4 % Source: William H. Frey

Cubans - % by State 1990 2000 Florida 65 % 67 % New Jersey 8 % 6 % 1990 2000 Florida 65 % 67 % New Jersey 8 % 6 % New York 7 % 5 % California 7 % 6 % Source: William H. Frey

Hispanics by Race, 2000 47.9% 2.0% 1.2% 0.3% 0.1% 42.2% 6.3% Source: William H. Frey

Hispanics by Race California New York Florida Source: William H. Frey

Largest Hispanic Black Populations New York 231,577 Los Angeles 44,834 Miami 38,073 Philadelphia 23,901 Boston 22,269 Washington 19,927 Chicago 19,903 San Francisco 14,196 Houston 10,805 Atlanta 10,307 Source: William H. Frey

New York Metro Segregation by Race Hisp. White 61 Hisp. Black 82 Hisp. Other 76 Hisp. 2+Race 72 NonHisp. Black 84 Source: Frey, Myers

LA Metro -Segregation by Race Hisp.White 60 Hisp.Black 67 Hisp.Other 69 Hisp. 2+Race 60 NonHisp. Black 71 Source: Frey, Myers

Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute Asian Concentration 2000 Biotechnology and biomedicine are likely to be important Microsystems application areas. Biotechnology and biomedicine may mean to the first half of the 21st century what electronics and computers meant to the second half of the 20th century. The Southwest has several key biotech clusters. Albuquerque has the largest biotechnology cluster output in the region with a concentration more than three times the national average. Boulder’s biotechnology concentration is four times greater than the national average. Salt Lake City’s biotechnology industry has experienced rapid growth. Other metros with strong growth include Provo-Orem, Tucson, Fort Collins, and Yuma. Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute

1990 – 2000 Greatest Asian Gainers 1. New York 710,809 2. Los Angeles 611,201 3. San Francisco 554,326 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Up- and Coming Asian Growth Magnets 2000 Populations > 50,000 % Growth 1. Las Vegas 286 2. Atlanta 200 3. Austin 175 4 . Orlando 171 5. Tampa 149 6. Phoenix 149 7. Dallas 133 8. Portland OR 119 9. Minn. - St. Paul 118 10. Denver 115 11.Miami 113 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute Black Concentration 2000 Biotechnology and biomedicine are likely to be important Microsystems application areas. Biotechnology and biomedicine may mean to the first half of the 21st century what electronics and computers meant to the second half of the 20th century. The Southwest has several key biotech clusters. Albuquerque has the largest biotechnology cluster output in the region with a concentration more than three times the national average. Boulder’s biotechnology concentration is four times greater than the national average. Salt Lake City’s biotechnology industry has experienced rapid growth. Other metros with strong growth include Provo-Orem, Tucson, Fort Collins, and Yuma. Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute

1990 - 2000 Greatest Black Gainers 1. Atlanta 459,582 2. New York 450,725 3. Washington DC 358,727 4. Miami 241,492 5. Chicago 181,101 6. Dallas 176,293 7. Philadelphia 162,932 8. Houston 142,304 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

1990 - 2000 Major Black Growth Centers (Over 200,000 blacks and 30% growth) % Growth 1. Orlando 62.2 2. Atlanta 61.9 3. Miami 43.4 4. Tampa 36.8 5. Charlotte 34.7 6. Columbus, OH 34.6 7. Jacksonville, FL 34.3 8. Boston 33.8 9. Raleigh 33.1 10. Dallas 31.7 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Declines in Black Segregation 1980 - 2000 Seg Index Decline Atlanta -15 Dallas -23 Houston -16 Charlotte -12 Raleigh -15 Orlando -27 Tampa -17 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Blacks Out-number Hispanic in the South Both group comprise less than 5% of state population Ratio GT 4:1 Ratio LT 4:1 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute White Concentration 2000 Biotechnology and biomedicine are likely to be important Microsystems application areas. Biotechnology and biomedicine may mean to the first half of the 21st century what electronics and computers meant to the second half of the 20th century. The Southwest has several key biotech clusters. Albuquerque has the largest biotechnology cluster output in the region with a concentration more than three times the national average. Boulder’s biotechnology concentration is four times greater than the national average. Salt Lake City’s biotechnology industry has experienced rapid growth. Other metros with strong growth include Provo-Orem, Tucson, Fort Collins, and Yuma. Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute

1990 - 2000 Greatest White Gainers 1. Phoenix 434,195 2. Atlanta 359,299 3. Las Vegas 326,145 4. Denver 278,445 5. Dallas 255,208 6. Portland OR 230,535 7. Seattle 199,172 8. Minn.St. Paul 191,127 9. Austin 187,426 10. Raleigh 171,168 11. Charlotte 162,258 12. Nashville 146,615 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

1990 - 2000 Greatest White Decliners 1. Los Angeles -843.065 2. New York -679,790 3. San Francisco -269,844 4. Philadelphia -199,359 5. Miami -118,506 6. Chicago -93,794 7. San Diego -84,448 8. Pittsburgh -81,900 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

White Growth -- Region Metro Size Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

City, Suburb, Nonmetro Residence, 2000 White Non-White City Suburb Non Metro Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

City, Suburb, Nonmetro Residence, 2000 Hispanic Asian Black City Suburb Non Metro Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

America’s Patchwork Quilt Biotechnology and biomedicine are likely to be important Microsystems application areas. Biotechnology and biomedicine may mean to the first half of the 21st century what electronics and computers meant to the second half of the 20th century. The Southwest has several key biotech clusters. Albuquerque has the largest biotechnology cluster output in the region with a concentration more than three times the national average. Boulder’s biotechnology concentration is four times greater than the national average. Salt Lake City’s biotechnology industry has experienced rapid growth. Other metros with strong growth include Provo-Orem, Tucson, Fort Collins, and Yuma. Source: William H Frey, Milken Institute

California Largest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s) Mexican 8,731 Black 2,060 Chinese 956 Filipino 913 Vietnamese 429 Salvadoran 400 Asian Indian 360 Korean 332 American Indian 317 Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

Florida Largest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s) Black 2,329 Cuban 851 Puerto Rican 458 Mexican 329 Columbian 190 Nicaraguan 116 Honduran 70 Dominican 66 Asian Indian 59 Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

New York Largest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s) Black 2,793 Puerto Rican 1,055 Dominican 577 Chinese 380 Asian Indian 287 Mexican 240 Korean 149 Ecuadorian 131 Columbian 108 Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

Texas Largest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s) Mexican 5,696 Black 2,142 Vietamese 158 Asian Indian 147 American Indian 125 Salvadoran 107 Chinese 94 Puerto Rican 77 Filipino 52 Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

Foreign Born, 2000

Born in Other State, 2000

Born in Same State, 2000

1900-2000 California Transplants U.S. vs. Foreign Origin Foreign Born U.S. Born – Out of State Source: William Frey. University of Michigan & Milken Institute

Cities with Highest Percentage who Speak Spanish at Home 1. Santa Ana, CA 74% 2. El Paso, TX 70% 3. Miami, Fl 66% 4. Anaheim, CA 43% 5. Los Angeles, CA 42% 6. San Antonio, TX 42% 7. Houston, TX 36% 8. Riverside, CA 33% 9. Dallas, TX 33% 10. Tucson, AZ 29% 11. Fresno, CA 29% 12. Phoenix, AZ 28% 13. Fort Worth, TX 28% 14. Newark, NJ 27% 15. New York, NY 25% 16. Long Beach, CA 25% Source: William H. Frey

Children Speaking Spanish at Home Under 5% 5% to 10% 10% to 20% 20% and Over Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Hispanics as Percent of Population: Children and Adults, 2000 Source: William H. Frey * Children age 5 - 17; adults aged 18 and over

Percent Speaking Spanish at Home: Children and Adults * 1990 and 2000 Source: William H. Frey * Children age 5 - 17; adults aged 18 and over

English Proficiency among Spanish Speaker * 2000 Source: William H. Frey * Children age 5 - 17; adults aged 18 and over

Education Attainment by Race Los Angeles Metro Age 25 - 64 Less than High School HS Grad Some College College Grads White Black Asian Hispanic Source: William Frey. Milken Institute

Hispanic Education Attainment Los Angeles Age 25 - 64 Native Born Arrived Before 1980 Arrived Since 1980 Less than High School HS Grad Some College College Grads Source: William Frey. Milken Institute

Race Profiles for Occupations Los Angeles Professional & Mgrs Clerical & Sales Skilled Blue Collar Unskilled & Services Black Indian Hispanic White Asian Source: William Frey. Milken Institute

Gains by Race, 1990-2000 Whites Blacks Asians Hispanics Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Metro Area Categories: Melting Pots (eg. LA, NY, Miami) North-Largely White-Black (eg. Detroit, Cleveland) North-Largely White ( eg. Pittsburgh, Minn-St Paul) South-Largely White Black (eg. Atlanta, Raleigh) South & West - Largely White (eg. Seattle, Denver, Tampa)

City Race Compositions, 2000 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

City Growth by Household Type Source: William H. Frey

“Ozzie and Harriet” Cities % Marrd Couples w/chld 1. Santa Ana, CA 42 2. Anaheim, CA 32 3. San Jose, CA 30 4. El Paso, TX 30 5. Virginia Beach, VA 29 6. Riverside, CA 28 7. Arlington, TX 28 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Trends in Minority Suburbanization Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Suburb Race Compositions, 2000 Source: William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census

Large City Segregation, 2000 Black-White Chicago, Il 87 Aurora, CO 33 Hispanic-White Oakland,CA 70 Jacksonville, FL 25 Asian-White New Orleans 64 Anaheim CA 20 Source: Frey, Myers

Black White Segregation Metro Areas, 2000 Source: Frey, Myers

Black White Mixed Race Persons Metro Segregation, 2000 Source: Frey, Myers

Cities with Highest Hispanic Segregation Oakland 71 New York 70 Philadelphia 67 Los Angeles 67 Dallas 65 Winston-Salem 65 Atlanta 65 Durham 64 Grand Rapids 62 Long Beach 62 Source: Frey, Myers

Metro Area with Highest Hispanic Segregation Reading, PA 73 Providence, RI 71 New York, NY 69 Springfield, MA 68 Newark, NJ 66 Hartford, CT 66 Chicago, IL 65 Lancaster, PA 65 Los Angeles, CA 64 Allentown, PA 64 Source: Frey, Myers

Neighborhood Exposure to Race-Ethnic Groups, US - Metro Areas Population, 2000 Source: Frey, Myers

Neighborhood Exposure to Race-Ethnic Groups, New York City, 2000 Source: Frey, Myers

Neighborhood Exposure to Race-Ethnic Groups, Los Angeles, 2000 Source: Frey, Myers

Age Structure by Race-Ethnicity Los Angeles – 2025 Age Structure by Race-Ethnicity

Age Structure by Race-Ethnicity Detroit – 2025 Age Structure by Race-Ethnicity

Useful Websites www.census.gov www.ssdan.net www.CensusScope.org www.frey-demographer.org