The Italian Renaissance Mr. Divett

What was the Renaissance? It means “rebirth”. Brought the world out of the Dark Ages. Time of creativity Change in many areas: Political Social Economic Cultural 1300s-1500

New Worldview Renewed interest in the learning of Greece and Rome Less emphasis on religion and spirituality More focus the human experience and individual achievement

Spirit of Adventure 1. A spirit of adventure was present during the Renaissance. This led to: a. Exploration b. Advances in science c. Advances in art d. Advances in writing 2. “To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.” Pico della Mirandola

Expressing Humanism 1. Humanism was an intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance a. Humanists studied Greek and Roman culture and applied it to their own times b. Humanists tended to focus on worldly subjects even though most were devout Christians c. Believed that education should stimulate creativity d. Humanities- Grammar, rhetoric (the effective use of language), poetry, and history

e. Francesco Petrarch- was from Florence and lived in the 1300's. 1. Assembled libraries of Greek and Roman manuscripts 2. Enabled the works of Cicero, Homer, and Virgil to be known to Western Europeans

Italy The Renaissance began in Italy Over the next 100 years it spread to the rest of Europe A. Italy's History and Geography A new interest in Roman ideas The Roman Catholic Church supported artists and scholars Location at Mediterranean Sea a. encouraged trade b. Italian merchants led growth in European trade c. wealth from trade funded Renaissance

4. Trade routes also carried ideas a. Muslim scholars had preserved and developed scientific ideas from Greece and Rome b. Italy gained access to the Muslim world's wealth and knowledge through trade

B. Italy's Vibrant City-States Italy was divided into many small city-states Each city-state was controlled by a powerful family a. Political leadership b. Economic leadership

The Medici Family Extremely wealthy merchant family Many important people in Florence had accounts with the Medici Family Gained control of Florentine government in 1434 Were patrons (financial supporters) of the arts

Renaissance Art Flowers Reflected humanist thought Used new artistic techniques: Perspective Shading Modeling Architecture: Social Art Rejected gothic architecture Embraced Greco-Roman Architecture

Writing Reflected curiosity and interest in Humanities Baldassare Castiglione- The Book of the Courtier Niccolo Machiavelli- The Prince

Renaissance Artists Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion New Techniques also emerged Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form Architecture reached new heights of design

Michelangelo Born in 1475 near Florence Considered to be one of the greatest artists of all time

David David , 1504.

Sistine Chapel After creating David, Pope Julius II recruited Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

Separation of Light and Darkness Creation of Adam Creation of Eve The Last Judgment Separation of Light and Darkness

La Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture

Moses

Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

Notebooks

Raphael Painter 1483-1520

The School of Athens

Pythagoras Plato and Aristotle Socrates

Raphael (back) Euclid Zoroaster & Ptolemy

Jan Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (1434) Northern Renaissance

Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail)

Humanism How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance? Humanism • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Was supported by wealthy patrons

Petrarch Sonnets, humanist scholarship Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 Assembled Greek and Roman writings. Wrote Sonnets to Laura, love poems in the Vernacular

• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. Northern Renaissance • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. • Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. • The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas. Northern Renaissance writers • Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) • Sir Thomas More—Utopia (1516) Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.

Literature Literature flourished during the Renaissance This can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type. The Bible

Erasmus Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it” The Praise of Folly Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.

Sir Thomas More English Humanist Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals.