AFRICA MAP ACTIVITY Label the following on your map of Africa: Sierra Leone Cameroon D.R. of the Congo Nigeria Tanzania Mozambique Algeria Namibia South Africa Tunisia Egypt Botswana Morocco Sudan Zimbabwe Ghana Libya Zambia Togo Ethiopia Benin Liberia THEN SHADE THE AREAS THAT THE FRENCH, THE BRITISH, GERMANY AND PORTUGAL HAD CONTROL OF. SHADE THE AREA OF WEST AFRICA THAT WAS CONTROLLED BY THESE TWO COUNTRIES EVEN IF YOU DID NOT LABEL THE PRESENT DAY COUNTRY.

Empire Building in Africa Chapter 21 section 2 Empire Building in Africa

Imperialism in Africa

WEST AFRICA As slavery declined, Europe’s interest in other forms of trade increased. Europeans exchanged finished textiles and other goods for peanuts, timber, hides and palm oil. British set up settlements along the Gold Coast (Ghana) and Sierra Leone. Britain annexed the Gold Coast and established a protectorate over groups in Nigeria. France had the largest area of West Africa and Germany had control of Togo, Cameroon.

Suez Canal 1875

Egypt

NORTH AFRICA Egypt – established by Muhammed Ali He modernized the army, set up a public school system and helped create industry. SUEZ CANAL was built, now Great Britain is interested in Egypt – “lifeline to India” Egypt became a British protectorate in 1914. They also wanted the Sudan to protect their interest in the canal. Seized Sudan in 1898. France had control of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Italy tried to take over Ethiopia but failed. They did take control of Libya.

CENTRAL AFRICA David Livingstone explored this area. Henry Stanley was a journalist who also explored this area (Congo River). King Leopold II of Belgium colonized Congo. France took control of areas north of the Congo.

Berlin Conference 1884-1885

EAST AFRICA The British wanted areas here in order to connect the colonies in Africa from South Africa to Egypt. Germany, Portugal and Belgium also claimed parts. The Berlin Conference in 1884 officially recognized both British and German claims, Portugal received Mozambique.***NO AFRICAN DELEGATES WERE PRESENT AT THIS CONFERENCE.

SOUTH AFRICA The British seized the area of the Boers (Afrikaners), the Dutch settlement of Cape Town and surrounding areas. The Boers fled to the north and established two independent republics. Britain defeated the Zulu’s. Cecil Rhodes (Rhodesia), he was forced to resign as British PM of Cape Colony by planning an overthrow of the Boers. Unfortunately, this was too late and war between the Boers and Britain was inevitable.

Gold in South Africa

GOLD MINE IN SOUTH AFRICA 1935

BOER WAR The Boers used guerilla warfare, Britain responded by burning crops and putting women and children into detention camps. British won. 1910 Britain created an independent Union of South Africa, self-governing nation, only whites and a few propertied Africans could vote.

British troops disembarking in Africa

Boer soldiers

COLONIAL RULE Liberia and Ethiopia remained free states. The British extended rule indirectly which took the least amount of effort and less money. Example of indirect rule is Sokoto in Nigeria: local customs and institutions were not disrupted. However, this system was a fraud. The British made all of the major decisions. The old African elite were kept in power, therefore young people did not have opportunities. This led to class and tribal tensions.

COLONIAL RULE Direct rule was practiced by the French. The French ruled African areas with their own leaders and assimilated Africans into French culture. Africans could also run for office and even serve in the French National Assembly.

AFRICAN NATIONALISM A new class emerged – Africans educated in colonial schools or in European nations. Some of the members of this new class agreed with the spreading of Western ideas into their homes culture. Others resented the foreigners, they believed that democracy was not practiced in their home countries. This led to movements seeking the end of foreign rule.

Review Activity 1. Using your notes and the Reading Essentials Study Guide, shade the areas of the Africa map that were controlled by European countries: Remember there were 7 countries that colonized Africa! 2. Summarize in writing two important facts and ideas that occurred in each area of Africa: North, East, West, Central and South. Focus on the motives of Imperialism and provide specifics, you may also include historical facts.

BELLWORK: Number a sheet of paper 1-5 and fill in the blanks. 1. The ________ led the British to take an interest in controlling the country of Egypt. 2. _________ used brutality and starvation to control the people of the Congo. 3. The ________ controlled the area of the Gold Coast, which is also known as _______. 4. The defeat of the Boers led to the _____________ controlling _______________. 5. The Italians were shamefully defeated by ___________, in their quest to conquer territory in Africa.