English Political Revolution WEEK 6

II. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution The Restoration settlement Political Settlement Religious settlement Financial settlement B. The Glorious Revolution C. The Hanoverian regime

Restoration/18th Century Monarchs Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1688)

Charles II (1660-1685) Nicknamed “the Merry Monarch” because he restored the theatres (comedies favored), sporting events, dancing, merrymaking in the country. He had the body of Oliver Cromwell disinterred, hanged, and beheaded in 1661. He was received into the Roman Catholic church just before his death

The Triennal Act (Parl to convene every 7 years) King in need of money > arrangement with Louis XIV King Parliament Freedom of conscience/Catholicism Church of England 1671: James converted to Catholicism The Clarendon Code (1661-1665) = restored Anglicanism as the established religion 1672: Royal Declaration of Indulgence The Test Act 1673 imposed stiff penalties on nonconformists 1681: Charles II dissolved Parlt 1678= Exclusion Bill 1687: Royal Declaration of Indulgence

The Glorious Revolution William and Mary (1689-1702) = a non-violent Revolution 1689: The Bill of Rights 1689: Toleration Act but 1673 Test Act still in practice + reinforced against Catholics until 1828 1701: Act of Settlement = exclusion of Catholics from the throne

Queen Anne (1702-1714) King William III died childless and throne passed to Anne (James II’s daughter) Devout Anglican Had 16 children all died—no heir to throne

Restoration/18th Century Monarchs George I (1714-1727) George II (1727-1760) George III (1760-1820) William IV (1830-1837) The son of Princess Sophia, who was the grand-daughter of England's King James I George IV (1820-1830)

The heritage of the Glorious Revolution Parliamentary sovereignty A constitutional monarchy Crown-in-Parliament (dual sovereignty) New party politics whigs/tories Emergence of the Prime Minister Cabinet system of Government

Whigs Tories Supported the monarchy (the Stuarts) = Jacobites Both relatively conservative & upper-class bias, anti-Catholic at times Opposition to absolutism parliament Power residing in people Gentry Career politicians Non-Anglicans (dissenters) Expansion of suffrage, industrialists and urban dwellers Evolved into Liberal Party Robert Walpole first PM Supported the monarchy (the Stuarts) = Jacobites Established Church Associated with “old” landowning gentry against ‘new money’/Workers against industrialists  supported status quo & privileges & exclusions Evolved into Conservative Party

Sir Robert Walpole The leader of the dominant party in the House of Commons Restored the national economy Kept Britain out of war > had to resign in 1742

Act of Union 1707 St George - England St Andrew -Scotland 1st Union Flag Add St Patrick’s cross = Union Flag - 1543: England + Wales - 1603 : Union of the Crowns (James VI of Scotand becomes James I of England) - 1707: Parliamentary union of Scotland + England 1782 : legislative independence of Ireland - 1801: Act of Union: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1922: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1997: Devolution

The Enlightenment Human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny ≠ Religion (the Catholic Church in France) + the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. Voltaire Rousseau Locke Diderot