9/14 Today/ tomorrow key questions: What caused the colonies to revolt from Great Britain? What RIGHTS did the colonists believe were being violated in the 1760s/70s? Timeline- STUFFY BALL!!!! AND VIDEO…

VIDEO: As we “fast forward”, what are some of the developments mentioned in the video that occur in the colonies from the beginnings at Jamestown and Plymouth to the 1760s?

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

French and Indian War 1756-63 Colonists fight with British and win….

After French and Indian War- England faces problems… British debt is doubled Territory under its control is expanded Bigger army needed Pontiac’s Rebellion- Natives in Ohio River Valley rebelling George Grenville (Prime Minister)- What should Britain do?

Proclamation of 1763 Colonists barred from moving into area west of the Appalachians so peace will be kept with Natives WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

George Grenville- Prime Minister Decides to tax colonies Sugar Act- 1764 Purpose: tax on imported molasses Effect: tougher enforcement of colonial smuggling

Sugar Act- 1764 WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED? Purpose: tax on imported molasses Effect: tougher enforcement of colonial smuggling Parliament places a tax on molasses and duties (taxes) on some imported goods. “writs of assistance” are issued to British agents- these are general search warrants empowering agents to search for smuggled goods Prosecutors try smuggling cases in “vice-admiralty” courts, not colonial courts WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

Stamp Act- 1765 Purpose: taxes legal documents Effects in colonies Wills, diplomas, marriage papers, playing cards, newspapers 1st INTERNAL TAX Effects in colonies Riots Fires Tar and feathering Organized boycotts

STAMP ACT- 1765 Parliament passes a tax on colonists must pay on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, playing cards, dice…. Colonists who disobeyed tried in a vice-admiralty court WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

Organized resistance Patriots- opposed to taxes Sons of Liberty harass and threaten tax collectors, forcing them to resign SAM ADAMS Colonial assemblies pass resolutions against “taxation without representation” Merchants boycott British imports Some violent intimidation

Sons of Liberty-Violent resistance August 1765- stamp collectors office torn down; house damaged October 1765- Governor Hutchinson’s house burnt down

“No taxation without Representation” Colonists’ argument “No taxation without Representation” Parliament can’t tax the colonists because the colonists don’t vote for them

Intimidation works By the end of 1765, no one will sign up to be a stamp collector

Daughters of Liberty No British textiles: women make “homespun”

Success 1766- Parliament repeals Stamp Act BUT…. Also passes “Declaratory Act” States that Parliament DOES have the right to tax the colonies….

STAMP ACT- 1765 Parliament passes a tax on colonists must pay on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, playing cards, dice…. Colonists who disobeyed tried in a vice-admiralty court WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

DECLARATORY ACT 1766 Parliament repeals Stamp Act, but states it has the right to pass laws “to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever” WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

Townshend Acts- 1767 Purpose: tax goods like lead, glass, paint, paper, tea, wine Writs of assistance: officers could inspect any ship without reason Effects: Non-importation agreements- Colonists BOYCOTT British goods WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

RESPONSE OF COLONISTS: Call for another boycott Colonial women give up luxuries and have spinning bees to create own clothes, make own tea Resistance to laws in Boston leads to occupation of city by British troops in 1768…. Boston Massacre: 1770

TEA ACT 1773 Parliament repeals taxes on all but tea Gives British East India Company a monopoly, cutting American merchants out (helps B. E. I. C. get rid of surplus; undercuts price of smuggled tea) WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

RESPONSE OF COLONISTS: BOSTON TEA PARTY: Sons of Liberty, dressed as Natives, dump tea into Boston

INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774 Boston Harbor shut down Quartering Act- colonists had to provide soldiers with housing and food General Gage named governor of Massachusetts- Martial law is declared Colonial Assemblies (governments) are not allowed to meet WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?  

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

RESPONSE OF COLONISTS: 1ST Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia- 56 delegates from all colonies Stand behind Massachusetts Organize a colonial boycott of goods Declare will defend themselves if necessary Decide to meet in May 1775 if Intolerable Acts are not repealed

LEXINGTON AND CONCORD- APRIL 1775!!! British troops go out to confiscate hidden arms and arrest Hancock and Sam Adams in Concord- pre-dawn, April 19, 1775 Militia forms at Lexington- first shots of Revolutionary War are fired, 7 colonists lay dead…..

North Bridge in Concord… Militias from around Massachusetts gather in Concord, force British troops to retreat back to Boston….

Retreat to Boston Massachusetts militia harass the troops all the way back to Boston… 73 British troops killed, 174 wounded British surrounded in Boston by 15,000 militia WHAT RIGHTS OF COLONISTS ARE BEING THREATENED?

COLONIAL RIGHTS: “Natural rights” to: 5. No standing armies Life & Liberty- you are free to live your life and better yourself as long as no-one else’s rights are violated Property Trial by jury of peers 4. Popular sovereignty- power to rule is with people. Only elected representatives of the people have the right to make laws or tax 5. No standing armies 6. Government needs probable cause to search your person or property 7. Right to bear arms

Lexington and Concord colonists: 49 killed, 39 wounded British: 73 killed, 174 wounded British army surrounded by 15000 militia in Boston 2nd Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia May 1775 What to do?