Chapter 6 Bonds

Chemical Bonds The force that holds atoms together. Formed by the interaction of electrons between 2 or more atoms.

Chemical Bonds Electrons travel around the nucleus in areas called energy levels. Each energy level has a specific number of electrons it can hold at any time

Chemical Bonds The first energy level (the one that is closest to the nucleus) can hold up to 2 electrons. The second energy level can hold up to 8 electrons.

Chemical Bonds A partially filled energy level is not as stable as an energy level that is empty or completely filled. Atoms become more stable by forming chemical bonds, which result from losing electrons or attracting electrons from other atoms.

Chemical Bonds It is the forming of these bonds that stores the energy necessary for life processes And it is the breaking of these bonds that release this energy.

Chemical Bonds There are 2 main types of bonds: Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds

Covalent Bonds Formed when electrons are shared These shared electrons can form Single bonds Double bonds Triple Bonds A molecule is a substance in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

Ionic Bonds An Ionic Bond is an electrical attraction between two ions (which are oppositely charged atoms) Some atoms tend to donate or accept electrons more easily than other atoms.

Ionic Bonds Metals tend to donate electrons and therefore become positively charged Which are called cations Non-metals tend to accept electrons and therefore become negatively charged Which are called anions

How to tell if it is Covalent vs. Ionic Covalent is the bond between 2 non-metals Ionic is the bond between a metal and non-metal