Endocrine Lab Exercise 68

The endocrine system, acting with the nervous system, helps coordinate and integrate the activity of the body’s cells. Nervous system = electro-chemical Chemical “messengers” = neurotransmitters Endocrine system = chemical Chemical “messengers” = hormones Hormone (greek) meaning “to arouse”

The Endocrine System Uses chemical messages (hormones) that are released into the blood Hormones control several major processes Reproduction Growth and development Mobilization of body defenses Maintenance of much of homeostasis Regulation of metabolism

Hormone Overview Hormones are produced by specialized cells Cells secrete hormones into extracellular fluids Blood transfers hormones to target sites These hormones regulate the activity of other cells

Location of Major Endocrine Organs

Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary

Histology of Pituitary Gland TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH GH, prolactin

Parathyroid and Thyroid Glands

Thyroid Gland

Histology of Thyroid gland *Follicular Cells synthesize follicular products *Thyroglobulin is the stored form of T3 and T4 *C Cells produce calcitonin

Parathyroid Gland

Chief Cells Oxyphil Cells

Thymus Gland trabeculae cortex medulla

Thymus Gland Hassal’s corpuscle

Adrenal Gland sympathetic ganglion Mineralocorticoids “salt” Modified sympathetic ganglion Mineralocorticoids “salt” Glucocortiocoids “sugar” Gonadocorticoids “sex”

Pancreas (glucagon)

Pancreas exocrine: acini endocrine: islets of Langerhans

Ovary

Histology of Ovary Follicles = egg surrounded by granulosa cells

Testes