GCSE International Relations: Era of the Cold War 1943-1991 Revision Booklet Name: LF: History Teacher:

USSR USA DATE EVENT REVISED IT! KNOW IT! STALIN 1924-1953 ROOSEVELT 1933-1945 1941 Grand Alliance is formed between USA, UK, USSR 1943 Teheran Conference 1945 Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Atomic Bomb End of WWII Soviet Union Expansion 1945-47 Arms Race begins TRUMAN 1945-1953 1946 Long Telegram Novikov Telegram 1947 Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Cominform Bizonia 1948 Berlin Blockade 1949 NATO Comecon Creation of GDR and FRG KHRUSHCHEV 1955-1964 EISENHOWER 1953-1961 1953 Stalin Dies 1955 Warsaw Pact 1956 Hungarian Uprising 1958 Khrushchev’s Ultimatum 1959 Geneva Summit Camp David Cuban Revolution 1960 Paris Summit KENNEDY 1961-1963 1961 Kennedy becomes President Vienna Conference Bay of Pigs Berlin Wall is built 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis ‘Thirteen Days’ 1963 Kennedy’s Berlin Wall Speech Hotline created Limited Test Ban Treaty Beginning of Détente BREZHNEV 1964-1982 JOHNSON 1963-1969 1965 MAD 1966 France leaves NATO 1967 Outer Space Treaty 1968 Prague Spring Invasion of Czechoslovakia Brezhnev Doctrine Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NIXON 1969-1974 1972 SALT 1 Beginning of plans for SALT 2 1974 Vladivostock Agreement FORD 1974-1977 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Mission Helsinki Agreements: Security, Co-operation, Human Rights CARTER 1977-1981 1978 Afghanistan Revolution 1979 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan End of Detente 1980 Carter Doctrine The Olympic Boycott - Moscow REAGAN 1981-1989 1981 Ronald Reagan become President 1983 Evil Empire Speech SDI aka ‘Star Wars’ introduced 1984 The Olympic Boycott – Los Angeles GORBACHEV1985-1991 1985 Reykjavik Meeting 1987 INF Treaty 1988 Reagan goes to Moscow BUSH 1989-1993 1989 Malta Summit Fall of the Berlin Wall 1990 CFE Agreement 1991 START I End of Warsaw Pact Coup to remove Gorbachev End of the Cold War

Topic 1: What is the Cold War? The Cold War was not like previous World Wars. America and Russia never declared war on each other, nor did they face each other in battle. This is because both sides knew that a Third World War, a Nuclear War would be unwinnable. The Cold War was a race to become to biggest and strongest superpower, to prove once and for all that their ideology was the best. It did however have many characteristics of an actual war: arms race, alliances and propaganda. Ideology Capitalism – Capitalist - WEST Communism – Communist - EAST Focus Individual Rights Rights of the working class Values Individual Freedom Equality Economy Free Trade Government Planned Politics Democratic Elections Dictator and Communist Party controls the government Grand Alliance 1941 Key features of The Grand Alliance was an alliance made up of Britain, USA, USSR and France The Grand Alliance was set up to help the allies to win the WWII The Grand Alliance secured the USSR’s help to fight a war on two fronts to beat the Germans in WW2 Why was it important to international relations? The Grand Alliance was important as it was the first agreement between the Capitalist West and Communist Russia to put aside their ideological differences to beat the common German enemy in WW2 What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? This union was short lived, by the Potsdam conference of 1945 the relationship was no longer strong. The differences of ideologies led to the division of Germany into four areas Once the war was over this change in relationship meant that communism was the main enemy of capitalism, rather than Fascism

Yalta Conference February 1945 Potsdam Conference July-August 1945 Teheran Conference 1943 Key features Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Yalta Conference February 1945 Key features Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Potsdam Conference July-August 1945 Key features Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Atomic Bomb 1945 Long Telegram 1946 Novikov Telegram 1946 Key features of the Atomic Bomb… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Long Telegram 1946 Key features of the Long Telegram Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Novikov Telegram 1946 Key features of the Novikov Telegram Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Truman Doctrine 1947 Marshall Plan 1947 Cominform 1947 Key features of the Truman Doctrine… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Marshall Plan 1947 Key features of the Marshall Plan… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Cominform 1947 Key features of the Cominform… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Soviet Expansion (Satellite States) 1945-1949 Key features of Soviet Expansion into Eastern Europe… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Bizonia 1947 Key features of Bizonia… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Comecon 1949 Key features of Comecon… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Berlin Blockade 1948-1949 Creation of GDR and FRG 1949 NATO 1949 Key features of the Berlin Blockade … Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Creation of GDR and FRG 1949 Key features of the creation of GDR and FRG… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? NATO 1949 Key features of NATO… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Arms Race 1945-1955 Warsaw Pact 1955 Hungarian Uprising 1968 Key features of the arms race 1945-55… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Warsaw Pact 1955 Key features of the Warsaw pact… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Hungarian Uprising 1968 Key features of Hungarian Uprising… The Hungarian Uprising was an uprising amongst the people of Hungary in response to Soviet intervention in government (removal of Nagy from power) The Hungarian Uprising took place in the assumption that the America would provide military support to Hungary if necessary The Hungarian Uprising was quickly suppressed by Khrushchev’s government Why was it important to international relations? Shows that Khrushchev isn’t as dedicated to de-Stalinisation as first appears – he will use force Shows other satellite states what will happen if they rebel Shows America will offer aid but not military support – don’t want to risk war Shows USSR have to use force to keep satellites – these countries are unhappy with communism The strength of communism is based on force rather than belief in ideology however America aren’t going to intervene unless they have to What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? What led to the Hungarian Uprising? Khrushchev’s ‘De-Stalinisation’ of USSR America’s promise to help fight communism in Truman Doctrine The Prague Spring - (Nagy’s reforms for more freedom of speech and leaving Warsaw Pact) Soviet removal of Nagy from power

Topic 2: The Three Crises Name Events Leaders Flag Berlin Crisis 1958-63 Khrushchev’s Ultimatum Geneva Summit Camp David Paris Summit Vienna Conference Berlin Wall USA: Eisenhower 1953-61 Kennedy 1961-1963 USSR: Khrushchev 1955-1964 Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Cuban Revolution Bay of Pigs Thirteen Days Consequences of Crisis Hotline, Limited Test Ban Treaty, MAD, détente Kennedy 1961-63 Khrushchev 1955-64 Cuba: Fidel Castro Czechoslovakia Prague Spring 1968-69 Invasion of Czechoslovakia Brezhnev Doctrine Johnson 1963-69 Brezhnev 1964-82 Czechoslovakia: Dubcek

Khrushchev’s Ultimatum November 1958 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Geneva Summit May 1959 Key features… Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Camp David September 1959 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Vienna Conference June 1961 Paris Summit May 1960 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Vienna Conference June 1961 Key features of the Yalta Conference Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Berlin Wall 12th August 1961 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

CMC ‘Thirteen Days’ October 1962 Cuban Revolution 1959 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? CMC Bay of Pigs April 1961 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? CMC ‘Thirteen Days’ October 1962 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Outer Space Treaty 1967 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

SALT 1 1972 Apollo-Soyuz Mission 1975 Helsinki Agreements 1975 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Apollo-Soyuz Mission 1975 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Helsinki Agreements 1975 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Afghanistan Revolution 1978 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Carter Doctrine January 1980 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Ronald Reagan’s Second Cold War 1981 Olympic Boycott 1980 and 1984 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Ronald Reagan’s Second Cold War 1981 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Star Wars aka SDI 1983 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Gorbachev’s New Thinking 1985 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Geneva Summit 1985 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Reykjavik Meeting 1985 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

INF Treaty 1987 Malta Summit 1989 CFE Agreement 1990 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Malta Summit 1989 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? CFE Agreement 1990 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Break up of Eastern Bloc 1989-91 START 1 1991 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Break up of Eastern Bloc 1989-91 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Fall of the Soviet Union 1991 Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics? Key features of Why was it important to international relations? What did it lead to? How can you link this information with other topics?

Cold War Writing Frames Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks) [POINT] One consequence of… {WFTQ} is… [EXPLAIN] This meant that… {insert precise own knowledge} [POINT] Another consequence of… {WFTQ} is… Question 1: Explain two consequences (4 marks)   Marks Description What did I get? Level 1 1-2  Simple or generalised comment is offered about a consequence. Generalised information about the topic is included, showing limited knowledge and understanding of the period. Level 2 3-4 Features of the period are analysed to explain a consequence. Specific information about the topic is added to support the explanation, showing good knowledge and understanding of the period. WWW [ ] You have written a simple statement about a consequence. [ ] You have written two simple sentences about a consequence. [ ] You have explained one consequence using factual detail. [ ] You have explained two consequences using factual detail. EBI [ ] You need to write a simple statement about a consequence. [ ] You need to write two simple sentences about a consequence. [ ] You need to explain one consequence using factual detail. [ ] You need to explain two consequences using factual detail. [ ] You need more factual detail [ ] You need to expand your explanation further To improve I must… Question 3: Explain the importance of… (2 x 8 mark) [POINT] _______ was important for (WFTQ)… because… [EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is… [EXPLAIN] This shows that (WFTQ) was important for (WFTQ) because… Question 2: Write a narrative… (8 marks) [POINT] Describe the event in the question [EVIDENCE] Provide factual details in bullet point [EXPLAIN] Explain how it affected the event [LINK] Link it to other bullet point Question 2: Write a narrative (8 marks)  Marks Description Level 1 1-2 A simple or generalised narrative is provided; the account shows limited analysis and organisation of the events included. Limited knowledge and understanding of the events is shown. Level 2 3-5 A narrative is given, showing some organisation of material into a sequence of events leading to an outcome. The account of events shows some analysis of the linkage between them, but some passages of the narrative may lack coherence and organisation. Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the events. Maximum 4 marks for answers that do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points. 3 6-8 A narrative is given which organises material into a clear sequence of events leading to an outcome. The account of events analyses the linkage between them and is coherent and logically structured. Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the key features or characteristics of the events. No access to Level 3 for answers which do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points. WWW [ ]I have written a sentence about one or more events [ ]I have provided factual evidence to support my point [ ]I have included an additional point from my own knowledge [ ]I have provided factual evidence to back up my third point [ ]I have organised my answer in to chronological [ ]I show how one event links to or causes another event EBI [ ] I need to write a sentence about one or more events [ ] I need to provide factual evidence to support my point [ ] I need to include an additional point from my own knowledge [ ] I need to provide factual evidence to back up my third point [ ] I need to organise my answer in to chronological [ ] I need to show how one event links to or causes another event [ ] You need more factual detail [ ] You need to expand your explanation further To improve I must…. Explain two of the following: The importance of X for Y… (2 x 8 marks)  Mark Description 1 1-2 A simple or generalised answer is given, showing limited development and organisation of material. Limited knowledge and understanding of the topic is shown. 2 3-5 An explanation is given, showing an attempt to analyse importance. It shows some reasoning, but some passages may lack coherence and organisation. Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the period. 3 6-8 An explanation is given, showing analysis of importance. It shows a line of reasoning that is coherent and logically structured. Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the required features or characteristics of the period studied. WWW [ ]I have written one sentence about one event [ ]I have written two sentences about two events [ ]I have provided detailed factual evidence for one event [ ]I have provided detailed factual evidence for both events [ ]I have stated the importance of one event in relation to the question bullet point [ ]I have stated the importance of the second event in relation to the question bullet point [ ]I have explained the importance of the first event showing analysis of importance [ ]I have explained the importance of the second event showing analysis of importance. EBI [ ]I need to write one sentence about one event [ ]I need to write two sentences about two events [ ]I need to provide detailed factual evidence for one event [ ]I need to provide detailed factual evidence for both events [ ]I need to state the importance of one event in relation to the question bullet point [ ]I need to state the importance of the second event in relation to the question bullet point [ ]I need to explain the importance of the first event showing analysis of importance [ ]I need to explain the importance of the second event showing analysis of importance. I must improve….