Warm Up Answer the following questions in your warm up section using SCAMS… S- Subject- C- Captions- A- Activity- M- Message- S- Symbols- What is happening in this political cartoon? 1 1

Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US 1. Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression 2. Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa 3. Stop the spread of communism 4. Fear of communism and spying in the United States 2 2

Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR 1. Create greater security for itself lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges feared a strong Germany 2. Establish defensible borders 3. Encourage friendly governments on its borders 4. Spread communism around the world “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” 3 3

Soviet’s Expanse into Eastern Europe

The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 Cold War’s First Crisis The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 1948: three western controlled zones of Germany united; grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan West wanted East to rejoin; Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security. June 1948: Stalin decided to gain control of West Berlin Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission West responded by airlifting supplies to allow West Berlin to survive May 1949: USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockade Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII A plane flies in supplies during the Berlin Airlift. Map of Berlin divided into zones after WWII 5 5

Color in Germany to match what you see below.

Berlin Airlift Newsreel Stop at 1:24

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization is created! U.S. Reaction to Berlin Crisis: NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization is created! In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against USSR. It originally consisted of: America, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, some former Soviet republics have applied for membership to NATO. It still exists today!!! 8

How do you think the Soviet Union Responded to the U.S. and NATO ? 9

Greatest extent of Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact: organization of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Established May 14, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland USSR established in in response to NATO treaty Founding members: Albania (left in 1961), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, East Germany Greatest extent of Warsaw Pact 10 10

What would you do? WWII ended in 1945 when Germany and Japan surrendered. The only two nations with large armies and developed economies were the United States and the Soviet Union. The USA had saved Western Europe, the Soviet Union had saved Eastern Europe, but they saw the world very differently – the USA wanted capitalist democracies to dominate the world, whereas the USSR wanted Communist dictatorships. Directions: Based on your different roles as Joseph Stalin or Harry Truman, how would you handle each situation?

Here is our first leader... Joseph Stalin

A little about his background: Stalin: You are Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union. Your army conquered Eastern Europe and most of Germany during World War II while 25 million Russians died. Now, Soviet soldiers are in every Eastern European country, and you want to keep them there to make sure Germany never invaded anyone again. This is also an opportunity to spread Communism (how convenient!). Now you can rebuild Eastern Europe as a socialist paradise – where government owns everything and supports the people’s needs. If Communism fails, we will be back to capitalism, where the rich exploit the poor.

Next up... Harry Truman

A little bit about his background... Truman: You are Harry S. Truman, President of the United States. You are worried about the Soviet Union – they have taken control of all of Eastern Europe with their massive army. You want those nations in Eastern Europe to be capitalist, and you offered them money (The Marshall Plan) to rebuild, but the Soviet Union won’t let them accept it. And they are forcing those nations by using their huge army – they have 6 million soldiers, compared to the US army of only 1 million soldiers. However, the US has a weapon that the Soviets don’t - the atomic bomb.

Log in to our classroom account Open the activity “What would you do?” Read through each situation and follow the directions for response for each situation. Be prepared to share answers once you have completed the activity.

d.) Support from the Pope Exit Tix: 1.) What item did Churchill suggest had descended upon the Soviet Union? a.) A Barbed Wire Fence b.) An Iron Curtain c.) A Cloud of Shame d.) Support from the Pope

2.) Which country would not have been a member of NATO? Exit Tix 2.) Which country would not have been a member of NATO? USA France Soviet Union Canada