THE SLAVERY DEBATE Growing Sectionalism

Warm-up Pick up a John Brown Reading from the tall chair in front and begin reading the side with the pictures. Be sure to note any questions you have as you are reading 

THE SLAVERY DEBATE After the war with Mexico and Manifest Destiny we have all this land…. Now what do we do with it? Stirs up the “slavery debate” Northern states wanted the new land to become free states More industrial in nature Wages for free workers in factories and trades Slave labor makes wages low

THE SLAVERY DEBATE Southern states wanted the new land to become slave states Agriculture based on cash crops Argue that farming is not profitable without slave labor All done by hand, no machines (except cotton gin) Cotton Gin – invented by Eli Whitney – made producing cotton a profitable business Easily cleans seeds from fibers  took too long to do by hand Cotton now becomes a cash crop

THE SLAVERY DEBATE The idea is to keep a balance of free and slave states in the senate (equal representation) so one side can not pass laws limiting the other side Free states with more representatives in congress could outlaw slavery (destroying the South's economy) Slave states with more representatives in congress could expand slavery (destroying the North's economy)

Warm-up – 9/14/16 1. Advocates (not politicians necessarily) of Manifest Destiny claimed the following were motives/incentives EXCEPT: achieve a political balance between North and South secure new resources and markets for the United States continue industrial movement and technologies West ensure that no foreign powers gained territory in North America 2. “Bleeding Kansas” gained its reputation for violence because of the U.S. Army’s vicious tactics while driving the Indians out of the territory general lawlessness of cow towns like Dodge City and Abilene actions of various bandit gangs that roamed the territory before the arrival of federal marshals irregular warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue

Warm-up con’t 3. The invention of the cotton gin led to the all of the answers below increase of the demand for slaves in the upland South decline of slavery in the South decline of cotton as an export 4. The chief objective of the “free soil” movement was to provide cheap land to settlers on the frontier keep slavery and blacks out of the federal territories out West promote scientific farming to prevent topsoil erosion abolish slavery everywhere in the United States

THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT Abolition – an immediate end to slavery Anti- slavery movements had been around since the Revolutionary War Many African-Americans fought in the Revolutionary War  they deserve freedom The declaration of independence  all men are created equal Quakers and Baptists in the North and South preached against slavery Sin that corrupts both slave and master God freed the children of Israel who were slaves in Egypt

THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT 1816 – American Colonization Society Encourages African Americans to return to Africa Funded ships to relocate 12,000 – 20,000 blacks in Liberia Most objected to relocation. Second and third generation slaves born in the US – the only home they know

THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT 1832 and 1833 – American Anti-Slavery Society and the New England Anti-Slavery Society Want immediate emancipation (freeing) of slaves Made up of writers, newspaper owners, teachers, and women in the North AND South William Lloyd Garrison – famous anti-slavery newspaper owner Frederick Douglas – escaped slavery, great speaker, wrote an autobiography of his experiences, owned his own newspaper and met with President Lincoln

THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT The Northern “free” states accepted abolitionist ideas more willingly Many northerners disapproved of abolition Saw freeing slaves as a threat to the social hierarchy and system in the US Feared a rush of newly freed slaves to the north that would compete for factory jobs and lower wages Feared no slave labor to produce cotton would destroy the South's economy and impact the North's as well Northern textile mills NEEDED cheap southern cotton to stay in business Violence against abolitionists came from everywhere.

John Brown – a controversial figure Henry David Thoreou (famous American author) Proclaimed Brown’s “transcendent moral greatness” Senator Andrew Johnson of Tennesee Called Brown “nothing more than a murderer, a robber, a thief, and a traitor”

Nat turner African American preacher who believed his mission on Earth was to free his people from slavery. Led a slave rebellion on four Virginia plantations. Appx. 60 whites were killed, and Turner was captured, tried, executed. To stop the uprisings, white leaders passed new laws to limit the activities of slaves and to strengthen the institution of slavery.