Inside the Earth Study Guide

http://study.com/academy/lesson/inner-core-of-the-earth-definition-composition-facts.html Solid because of the intense pressure pushing in on the INNER MOST layer. HOT! HOT! HOT! Inner core

The Mantle Thickest layer Molten magma layer allows convection currents that create plate movement Hotter than the crust, cooler than the core The Mantle

Crust Least dense and lowest temperatures Temperature is same as the air above it Crust

Layer Composition State Crust Rock Solid Mantle Semi-solid Outer Core Metal (iron and nickel) Liquid Inner Core Temperature and Pressure INCREASE as you go deeper into the Earth!!!!! Layers of the Earth

Tectonic Plates U.S. is part of the North American plate Plates folding (converging) create mountains Plates moving apart create volcanoes Tectonic Plates

Hot Spots Weak spots in the Earth’s crust Because of sea-floor spreading, hot spots move, causing new land to form above them. Hot Spots

Supercontinent composed of all of today’s continents put together into one large mass Pangaea

Focus is BENEATH the Earth’s surface where the Earthquake begins Epicenter is ABOVE Earth’s surface, directly above the focus Seismic Waves

Tsunami Created from an earthquake on an ocean floor Creates large waves in the crust and in the water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx9vPv-T51I Tsunami

Boundaries

Most explosive = High silica content and low viscosity (thin consistency) Slow flowing magma = Low silica content and high viscosity (thick consistency) Volcanoes go BOOM!

Mid Ocean Ridges occur at Divergent Oceanic Plate Boundaries Trenches occur at Convergent Oceanic Plate Boundaries Sea floor spreading

Rift Valley

Hot Springs

The crater formed when the top of a volcanic mountain collapses Calderas

Island Arc

Were on Earth for a short amount of time, but covered a large area Index Fossils