Section one: The North’s Economy and Section 2: The North’s People Main Idea: During the 1800’s, advances in technology and transportation shaped the North’s economy Main Idea: Many cities grew tremendously during this period.

Industrialization Power driven machinery performed task done by hand Three Phases of North Industrialization Diving task among workers Built factories to bring together specialized workers Worker use machinery to preform work Elias Howe invents the sewing machine in 1846 and leading to boom in textile industry North produced 2/3rds of manufactured goods

Technologic Advancements Clipper Ships Locomotive Railroad Canals Telegraph Steel-tipped plow McCormick Reaper

North farm land was filled with rocky soil making it difficult to farm North farm land was filled with rocky soil making it difficult to farm. Despite improvements in farming, North moved towards an industrial economy. This lead to problems with factory labor

Working Conditions Average worker worked 11.4 hours a day Dangerous conditions resulted in injuries, such as broken bones and lost fingers Especially dangerous for children Extremely hot No law existed to regulate working conditions

Attempts To Organize By 1830’s worker began organizing Formed Trade Unions – Organizations of workers with the same trade, or skill Mid 1830’s New York Strikes – refusing to work in order to put pressure on employees Wanted higher wages and a 10 hour workday limit Strikers could be punished by law or be fired

African American workers Faced prejudice – an unfair opinion nit based on facts Faced discrimination – unfair treatment of a group Prohibited from voting Segregation of public schools and facilities Few African American rose in business but most were still extremely poor.

Women Workers Played huge role in development mill and factory system Paid less Excluded from jobs so that men could have them Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization founded by Sarah G. Bagley, petitioned for a 10 hour work day but was refused. Most movements failed, but paved way for the women to come

The Rise of Cities Northern cities grew astronomically St. Louis, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and Louisville became growing trade center along major rivers and connected the Midwest farmers to the cities of the North. Great Lakes became center for shipping and created new major urban centers.

Immigration Immigration – the movement of people into a country Increased drastically from 1840 to 1860 Willing to work long hours for low pay Biggest group came from Ireland – 1.5 Million Came as a result of the Great Potato Famine – extreme shortage of food Too poor to buy farm land – worked in factories Second biggest group came from Germany – 1 Million Came for work or because of the failure of a democratic revolution Founded own communities, and many moved to the Midwest

Impact of Immigration Brought own culture, language, customs, religion, and ways to America Increase in number of Catholics

Immigrants face Prejudice Some American feared Americans were changing the character of the U.S. too much Nativists – felt that immigration threatened the future of American citizens Accused Immigrants of taking away jobs because they would work for lower wages Bring crime and disease

The Know nothing Party Nativist formed secret anti-Catholic societies and joined the American Political Party Often answered “I know nothing” when asked about their group Strict citizen ship laws – increase waiting period from to 21 years North and South section split over slavery